Castile, refuses admission to inquisition, 179. Ceuta, stronghold of Spain near the straits of Gibraltar, 54; valiantly defended by Count Julian, 54. Chagan Joseph, king of Khozars, corresponds with Chasdai ben Isaac, 80. Chanoch Moses ben, description of, 64; starts for Europe to collect money for academy at Sura, 65; taken captive, 65; tragic death of his wife, 66; sold as slave to Cordova, 66; is appointed Dayan of all European Jews, 62-67. Charisi, the Jewish poet, 131; extracts from his poetry, 132. Chasdai ben Isaac Ibn Shaprut, his importance at the court of the Caliph, 44; description of, 66; his home life, 75; his correspondence with Chagan Joseph, king of the Khozars, 80. Chaucer, borrows from literature of Moors, 128. Chemistry, originated by Jews and Moors, 120. Church Catholic, its ignorance during the Dark Ages, 18-20; 107, 119, 153, 157; its greed, 22, 24, 27, 107; its cruelty, 26, 122, 171, _et sequ_; its superstition, 24-26; its corruption, 28. Chushiel Rabbi, taken captive with Moses ben Chanoch, 65; establishes a school at Kairuan, 67. Civilization of Europe, exclusive of Spain, during Dark Ages, 12, 33. Clara St., cures sore eyes, 107. Clement VII, Pope, friendly to Jews, 218. Clock, invented by Jews and Moors, 118. Colleges, abundance of in the Moorish realm, 125. Columbus, is led to discovery of America by Averroism, 156. Conon, teaches mathematics in Alexandria, 150. Conquest, of Spain by Arab-Moors, 53-57. Copernicus, alludes to astronomical discoveries of Profiat, 118; his discovery anticipated by Jews, 119. Copper, its chemical affinity determined, 120. Cotton, fabrics extensively manufactured in the Moorish commonwealth, 164. Council decrees, Fourth of Carthage, prohibits bishops from reading secular books, 18; third council of Toledo, 589, A. C.; begins the martyrology of the Jews, 93; fourth council of Toledo (633 A. C.) enacts decree that children of Jewish converts be taken from their parents, 95; sixth, ninth and twelfth councils of Toledo enact still more cruel laws against Jews 95, 96; prohibit Jewish physicians to attend Christian patients, 107. Cordova, description of during 10th cent., 5-11, 34, 46, 47. Creed, Mohammedan, 41, 42. Crucifix, sheds tears of blood, 23. Ctesibius, invents steam-engine, 150. Cubic Equations, first taught by Ibn Ibrahim, 116. Cyril St., his fanaticism and murder of Hypatia, 153. D. DAMASCUS, a center of Mohammedan learning, 105, 116. Decline of Moors, 17. Demons, teachings of Church concerning them, 23; tempt the virtue of ecclesiastics, 24. Departure of Jews from Spain, 201, 202, 205. Diaspore, account of, 83. Diophantus, credited with the invention of Algebra, 116. Dispersion of Jews, 206. Distillation, apparatus for invented by Jews and Moors, 120. Dominic St., founder of Dominican Order, and of Inquisition, 175. Drugs, first introduced in Europe by Jews and Moor, 109, 110. Dunash ben Labrat, poet and grammarian, 44, 46. E.