New Christians, name of Jews who feigned allegiance to Christianity, 177, 178; charges against them, 180. Nitric Acid, discovered by Jews and Moors, 120. O. OBSERVATORY, first observatory in Europe built at Seville, 119. _Opus Majus_, of Roger Bacon permeated by Averroism, 158. Orient, conducive to religious speculation, but not to philosophy, 150. P. PADUA, university of admits Averroism in its curriculum of studies, 158. Paper invented and manufactured by Jews and Moors, 165. Paradise, Mohammedan conception of, 42. Paul III, pope, favorable to Jews, 218. Pendulum clock, invented by Jews and Moors, 118. Pernel St., cures ague, 107. Pharmacy, first introduced in Europe by Moors, 110. Philosophy, cultivated by Jews and Moors, 148, 155; not a favored study with Orientals, 150. Physicians, Jewish physicians excel, 110; opposed by church, 107-108; Jewish physicians preferred by popes and kings, 107-108. Plague, breaks out in Portugal and Jews held responsible, 213. Platonic philosophy exercises no lasting influence upon Jews, 151. Poetry, reasons for its flourishing among Jews and Moors, 127; its influence upon European literature, 127-128; its sacred character among Jews, 129-137. Portugal, exiled Spanish Jews permitted an eight month's sojourn, 213; its cruelty against Jews, 215-218. Prayer, its significance with Moors, 37-52. Profatius Duran, president of medical school of Montpellier, 118; honorably mentioned by Copernicus, 118. Ptolemy, author of the Syntaxes, 150. Pythagorian philosophy, 151. Q. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS, first taught by Ibn Musa, 116. QUICK SILVER, its chemical affinity determined, 120; successfully mined, 164. R. RASHI (Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac), distinguished surgeon and commentator, 108. Relics, traffic in, by Church, 22; applied to cure disease, 107. Renaissance, stimulated by Averroism, 158. Roderick, his crime, 54; his defeat, 56. Rome, entrance of Jews into, 87. Roshd Ibn, (see Averroes). Rumachis Ibn, captures the four Rabbis, 65. S. SABBATH, its observance among Jews, 58, 69. Sahal Abraham Ibn, his poetry prohibited. 131. Sahamaria ben Elchanan, one of the four captured Rabbis, 65; establishes a school in Kahira, 67. Science, introduced in Europe by Arab-Moors, 112. Serapion of Alexandria, gathering place for the learned, 149. Sid Isaac ben, prepares Alphonsin tables, 119. Silk, extensively manufactured by Jews and Moors, 164. Silver, its chemical affinity determined, 120. Silvia, her asceticism, 16. Sinai Ibn, (see Avicenna). Sixtus, fifth, favors the Jews, 170. (Note.) Social life, in Europe during Dark Ages, 14. Socratic Philosophy, contrasted with that of Aristotle, 151. Song, challenge, described, 35. Spain, during Dark Ages, 5, 11, 34, 90; invasion of by Moors, 46-57, enacts cruel laws against Jews, 92-96; inquisition established in, 171; Jews expelled from it; 189; suffers because of expulsion of Jews and Moors, 225. Specific Gravity, tables constructed, 120.