Johann Sebastian Bach: His Life, Art, and WorkForkel, Johann Nikolaus
History
Johann Sebastian Bach: His Life, Art, and Work
Forkel, Johann Nikolaus
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 1685-1750; Composers -- Germany -- Biography
It is necessary to emphasise this point. For Spitta(439) has stated
positively that Picander wrote “most” of the Leipzig libretti, and his
opinion has been generally accepted. But its correctness may be
contested. It is suspicious, to begin with, that Picander never published
the texts which Spitta asserts him to have poured out in such profusion.
“He placed no value,” Spitta answers readily, “on these manufactured
compositions, put together hastily to please his friend.” But the
argument cannot stand. Why should Picander have thought less of libretti
actually used by his “incomparable Capellmeister” than of those published
for and rejected by him?—for Spitta does not venture to declare that as
literature the rejected were superior to the accepted texts. If out of a
published cycle of libretti expressly written for him Bach chose only
eight texts, are Picander’s “manufactured compositions,” as Spitta calls
them, likely to have attracted him to a greater degree? We can detect his
hand perhaps in six Cantatas(440) besides those already mentioned, and
Bach relied on him exclusively for his secular texts. One concludes, none
the less, that Bach rarely accepted an original Cantata libretto from
Picander, and employed him chiefly on the Choral Cantatas of his latest
period. Excluding them, and adding the probable to the actual original
Picander texts, they total only twenty-one, a fraction inadequate to
support Spitta’s sweeping statement.
From the advent of Picander in 1725, to the end of the first Leipzig
period nine years later, Bach does not seem to have gone outside the
circle of familial authors for his regular Cantata texts. On October 17,
1727, however, he produced a funeral Cantata, or “Trauer-Musik,” in memory
of the late Queen of Poland, the libretto of which was written by
Professor J. C. Gottsched. The partnership, in fact, was accidental: the
libretto was supplied to Bach with the commission to set it to music, and,
so far as is known, Gottsched and he did not collaborate again.
So, reviewing Bach’s activities during his first eleven years at Leipzig,
we find that of the hundred libretti set by him to music Christian Weiss
heads the list as the presumed author of twenty-nine. Bach follows him
with eighteen.(441) Picander’s hand appears in fifteen, Franck’s in
eight,(442) Neumeister’s and Gottsched’s in one each. Fifteen libretti
are congregational hymns in their original or paraphrased form. One is
the _Gloria in Excelsis_ of the B minor Mass adapted as a Christmas
Cantata (No. 190). Twelve are by authors not identified.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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