Johann Sebastian Bach: The Organist and His Works for the OrganPirro, André
History
Johann Sebastian Bach: The Organist and His Works for the Organ
Pirro, André
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 1685-1750; Composers -- Germany -- Biography
Gathered from the indications of J.G. Walther, the registration
of another chorale appears to bear the marks of more positive
authenticity. We refer to the Lutheran chorale, _Ein' feste Burg ist
unser Gott_, mentioned in a previous chapter. Walther thus annotates
it: "Für 3 clav."; for the left hand he directs "_Fagotto_"; for
the right, "_Sesquialtera_." First of all must we notice this
combination of a mutation stop with a reed; it is derived directly
from the French organists. In Grigny,[162] for instance--we cite
him especially because of Bach's study of his works--may be found
in various instances a Bass Trumpet, or _Cromorne en taille_,
accompanied by the _Tierce_ or Cornet.[163] To a certain extent
the _Fagotto_ corresponds to the _Cromorne_, whose tone appeared
somewhat veiled. This register, which Adlung tells us bore various
names--_Portunen_, _Dulcian_, or _Basson_, among others--was
sometimes added to the lower half of the great organ only, and was
"of good effect in playing the _basso continuo_." Moreover, it
was of small scale; even on the pedal it was not a noisy stop. As
for the _Sesquialtera_, composed of the fifth and the tenth, it
resembled more or less certain mutation stops of old French organs.
It is noteworthy that the employment of a reed with a mixture is
not mentioned by contemporary German writers; on the other hand, it
would seem from the context[164] that this piece was played at the
inauguration of the Mühlhausen organ, for whose restoration Bach had
prepared the plans. He had demanded, among other improvements, that
a _Tierce_ be added to one of the manuals, in order that, by drawing
it with a _Quint_, a good _Sesquialtera_ might be produced; this in
order to carry out all sorts of musical inventions of his own.
[Footnote 162: _Livre d'orgue contenant une messe et quatre hymnes
pour les principales festes de l'année. Par Nicolas de Grigny,
organiste de l'église-cathédrale de Reims. À Paris, chez Christophe
Ballard, seul imprimeur du Roy pour la Musique. Rue Saint-Jean de
Beauvais, au Mont-Parnasse. 1701. Avec Privilège de Sa Majesté._]
[Footnote 163: [The cornet here referred to is obviously a mixture,
not the reed of the same name already mentioned.--TR.]]
[Footnote 164: This organ was the only one with three manuals which
Bach could have had in mind while he was in Weimar with Walther;
it is natural that in his compositions he should be preoccupied
with an organ whose restoration he had planned, and undoubtedly
supervised--Weimar being not far from Mühlhausen--and which in all
probability he looked forward to inaugurating. This remark, moreover,
may apply to the composition of the chorale _In dir ist Freude_,
although here Bach had been disappointed.]
It is interesting to learn the details of this project, which, it is
true, was not realized in its integrity; and it furnishes us with the
most curious data upon the subject of Bach's ideas on registration
and organ-building, and his own tastes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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