Johann Sebastian Bach: The Organist and His Works for the OrganPirro, André
History
Johann Sebastian Bach: The Organist and His Works for the Organ
Pirro, André
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 1685-1750; Composers -- Germany -- Biography
7. _Stillgedackt_ (a species of Bourdon) of eight feet,
which will blend perfectly with the "music."[167] As it
will be made of good wood, it will be much more resonant
than if of metal.
[Footnote 167: [The filling-out of the figured bass by the organ,
made necessary in music with orchestra by the paucity of the
instrumental numbers, was referred to as the "music."--TR.]]
11. Between the swell[168] and the great organ a coupler shall be
constructed. Finally, the whole instrument shall be revoiced, and the
tremulant made to vibrate regularly.
[Footnote 168: [The word _swell_ I have used in the foregoing merely
to designate the third manual; and it by no means implies that the
pipes belonging to that keyboard were enclosed in a swell-box.
Although this invention was applied to an English organ for the first
time in 1712 (St. Magnus Church, London Bridge), its adoption in
Germany has become general only within comparatively recent years,
and then only in newly-built instruments.--TR.]]
II
The document just cited, which is preserved in the archives of
Mühlhausen, is full of interest; we will now make a further study of
two of its sections, which treat of the same subject.
I refer to the combination of organ with orchestra in the performance
of the cantatas.
First, Bach speaks of the _Fagotto_, whose tone so easily assimilated
with that of instruments; here he agrees with his contemporaries, who
recommended the use of a sixteen-foot stop of more definite _timbre_
than the bourdons, although not stronger,--it was also called
_Dulcian_,--"_dolce suono_,"--in performing the _basso continuo_.
The employment of the _Stillgedackt_, the softest stop in the organ,
interests us in its use as a means of filling out this same figured
bass. Such a register evidently lacked power, but was sought for
that quality of indefiniteness, even of vacuity, which it possessed
(_still_, in German, means quiet); this produced more the effect of
diaphony, of a harmonic filling-in, like the _sostenuto_ of certain
of our wind-instruments, than of polyphony in real parts, which one
could not distinguish.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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