John Greenleaf Whittier: His Life, Genius, and WritingsKennedy, William Sloane
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John Greenleaf Whittier: His Life, Genius, and Writings
Kennedy, William Sloane
Abolitionists -- United States -- Biography; Poets, American -- 19th century -- Biography; Whittier, John Greenleaf, 1807-1892
As Whittier has grown older, and the battles of his life have
become (as he expressed it to the writer) like "a remembered
dream," his genius has grown mellow and full of graciousness. His
art culminated in "Home Ballads," "Snow-Bound," and "The Tent on
the Beach." He has kept longer than most poets the lyric glow; only
in his later poems it is "emotion remembered in tranquillity."
If asked to name the finest poems of Whittier, would not the
following instinctively recur to the mind: "Snow-Bound," "Maud
Muller," "Barbara Frietchie," "The Witch's Daughter," "Telling the
Bees," "Skipper Ireson's Ride," "King Volmer and Elsie," and "The
Tent on the Beach"?
To these one would like to add several exquisite hymns and short
secular lyrics. But the poems mentioned would probably be regarded
by most critics as Whittier's finest works of art. They merit this
distinction certainly; and they furnish remarkable instances for
those who desire to study the poet's greater versatility in the
ballad line, as they are all good representatives of his
wonderfully long range.
* * * * *
The foregoing remark must be our cue for beginning to pass in
review the artistic deficiencies of Whittier. He has three crazes
that have nearly ruined the mass of his poetry. They are the reform
craze, the religious craze, and the rhyme craze. Of course, as a
man, he could not have a superfluity of the first of these; but, as
a poet, they have been a great injury to him. We need not deny that
he has taken the manlier course in subordinating the artist to the
reformer and preacher; but in estimating his poetic merits we ought
to regard his work from an absolute point of view. Let us not be
misunderstood. It is gladly and freely conceded that the theory
that great poetry is not necessarily moral, and that the aim of
poetry is only to please the senses, is a petty and shallow one,
and that the true function of the great poet is also to bear
witness to the ideal and noble, to the moral and religious. Let us
heartily agree with Principal Shairp when he says that the true end
of the poet "is to awaken men to the divine side of things; to bear
witness to the beauty that clothes the outer world, the nobility
that lies hid, often obscured, in human souls; to call forth
sympathy for neglected truths, for noble but oppressed persons, for
downtrodden causes, and to make men feel that through all outward
beauty and all pure inward affection God himself is addressing
them." We may admit all this, and yet find fault with the
moralizations and homilies of Whittier. The poetry of Dante and
Milton is full of ethical passion, and occasionally a little sermon
is wedged in; yet they do not treat us to endless broadsides of
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