There remains the question: What was the reason for the special mention of Eustace de Vesci and Robert Fitz-Walter in the terms of reconciliation between the Pope and John? At first glance it seems natural to infer that there must have been some peculiar injustice in John’s outlawry of these two men, to make their restoration a matter for intervention on the part of the Pope. But, as has been seen, all the ascertained facts of the case point the opposite way. If indeed Fitz-Walter’s alleged assertion to Pandulf, that he had fled on account of the king’s excommunication, were true, he would naturally be among the “laicis ad hoc negotium contingentibus” (R. Wendover, iii. 248), while the fact that the rest of these lay sufferers seem to have been all of lower rank might possibly account for his being specially mentioned by name. But it was not true; and with regard to De Vesci no such assertion is mentioned. Nevertheless, it is extremely probable that both Fitz-Walter and De Vesci may have contrived to represent to the Pope or his commissioner the cause of their exile in the way in which Fitz-Walter is described as representing his own case to Pandulf; and neither Pandulf nor Innocent could have at his command the means of knowing what all the evidence now available goes to show--that these two men had fled their country and left their property to fall into the king’s hand, not for conscience’s sake, but because their consciences accused them of treason. INDEX Adela of France, 21, 22, 40 Albemarle, earl of, 272, 281 Alençon, John of, 51 Alençon, Robert, count of, 89 Alençon, siege of, 94 Alexander III., Pope, 19 Alexander of Scotland, 162, 258–260, 273, 276, 278, 279 Angers occupied by Bretons, 61, 89; John at, 74, 115, 200 Angoulême, Ademar, count of, 75–77, 87 Angoulême, Isabel of, 76, 77, 89 Anjou, Arthur acknowledged in, 61; John in, 115, 200, 201 Aquitaine, Richard made duke of, 1; proposal to transfer it to John, 8, 9. _See_ Gascony, Poitou Ardenne, Ralf of, 107 Arques, siege of, 87; surrender, 102 Arthur of Britanny, 36, 57, 58, 61, 71, 85, 86, 90–92 Articles of the Barons, 213–217, 227, 233 Arundel, earl of, 272 Athies, Gerald of, 150 Aubigny, William of, 80, 248, 251 Auvergne ceded to France, 73 Axholme ravaged, 279 Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, 20, 26 Balliol, Hugh de, 274, 276 Bangor burnt, 158; bishop of, _see_ Robert Barham Down, muster on, 177 Barnard Castle, siege of, 276