For a description of the trade route by way of Ottawa River, Lake Nipissing, Georgian Bay, and Lake Huron to Mackinac, see H. H. Bancroft, _History of the Northwest Coast_ (San Francisco, 1886), i, pp. 561–564. Also, for a personal narrative, see that of Captain Thomas G. Anderson, in _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, ix, pp. 138–143.—ED. Footnote 46: On the habits and uses of the beaver (_castor Canadensis_), see Martin, _Castorologia_ (Montreal and London, 1892).—ED. Footnote 47: The normal food of those who wintered in the woods was Indian corn and tallow. See Turner, “Fur Trade in Wisconsin,” pp. 78, 79. The Falls of St. Mary, or Sault Ste. Marie, were visited by traders as early as 1616. The _Jesuit Relation_ of 1640 gives a partial description of this place. Radisson and Groseilliers were here between 1658 and 1660; and here (1669) a Jesuit mission was established by Allouez and Dablon. After 1689, the mission and trading post were abandoned in favor of Mackinac; but Sault Ste. Marie continued to be a station on the Northwestern fur-trade route; and in 1750 the land thereabout was granted to De Repentigny on condition that he erect a fort at that place. After the English occupation, a French Canadian, J. B. Cadot, had a trading post here, which was probably the one mentioned by Long. Later, the North West Company occupied the spot; but in 1814 its post was burned by a detachment of American troops, commanded by Major Holmes, who afterwards fell at the unsuccessful attack on Mackinac. The first military post and Indian agency of the United States at Sault Ste. Marie was established in 1822. The Saulteurs were a Chippewa tribe, so called by the French from having been first encountered at the Sault. The name afterwards was employed to designate all the Chippewa nation. A pretty Indian legend of the origin of these falls, is found in _Jesuit Relations_, liv, p. 201.—ED. Footnote 48: On the offering of tobacco to “Manitous,” see _Jesuits Relation_, x, p. 324. See, also, caption “Manitou,” in index thereto.—ED. Footnote 49: Probably the “Athabasca,” one of the first schooners of the North West Company on Lake Superior. See Masson, _Bourgeois_, ii, p. 149. The French had a sailing vessel on Lake Superior as early as 1735. See _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, xvii.—ED. Footnote 50: Pays Plat was the fur-trade station near the Nipigon River, about one hundred miles east of Grand Portage. It was situated on one of the islands of Nipigon Bay, and so named because of the low land and shoal water in the vicinity. See Bigsby, _Shoe and Canoe_ (London, 1850), p. 223.—ED. Footnote 51: For a history of the Chippewa Indians, see _Minnesota Historical Collections_, v. This noted chief, Matchekewis, was the captor of Mackinac during Pontiac’s War. For a sketch of him, see _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, vii, pp. 188–194.—ED. Footnote 52: