The Menominee Indians were called Folles-Avoines by the French, a name by which the latter designated both the grain (_zizania aquatica_), and this tribe of Indians whom they first found using it. They are Algonquian in language, and were originally encountered by Nicolet (1634) on the shores of Green Bay. This remained their habitat until they were removed to their present reservation in Shawano County, Wisconsin. For history of this tribe, see _Wisconsin Historical Collections_ (especially vols. xvi and xvii); Hoffman, “Menomini Indians,” U. S. Bureau of Ethnology _Report_, 1892–93; Jenks, “Wild Rice Gatherers of the Upper Lakes,” _ibid._, 1897–98. No mention of such a barbarous custom as this is made by other writers. Long may have been misinformed.—ED. Footnote 91: On the cause of this action of the Indian traders, alarmed at the reprisals being made by Spanish and Americans for the unsuccessful attack on St. Louis by the British party from Mackinac, see _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, vii, p. 176, _note_. For biography of Charles Langlade, first Wisconsin settler, see Tassé’s “Memoir,” _ibid._, pp. 123–185.—ED. Footnote 92: This is a somewhat confused reference to George Rogers Clark’s occupation of the Illinois country, and alliance with the Spaniards who controlled Louisiana. The fort here mentioned is St. Louis, for whose early history see vol. iii of this series, André Michaux’s _Journal_, note 138. Spaniards were incensed at the British traders’ methods in Upper Louisiana during this period.—ED. Footnote 93: The commandant at Mackinac was Patrick Sinclair, for whose biography see _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, xi, p. 141, _note_. For documents dealing with the Revolution in this region, see _ibid._, xi, pp. 97–212; and xii, pp. 49–55.—ED. Footnote 94: The Outagamies, or Fox Indians (French, Renards), were first encountered by the French on Fox River, Wisconsin. A proud and warlike nation, they refused to yield to the French yoke. The long series of wars waged by them with the French was a great source of weakness to the colony of Canada, and prepared the way for its downfall. For the documents on these wars, see _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, xvi and xvii. Driven from their habitat in Eastern Wisconsin, about 1740, the Foxes joined with their kindred, the Sauks, and settled on the Mississippi, siding alternately with the British and Americans during the wars of the Revolution and of 1812–15. One band of the Sauks participated in the Black Hawk War (1832). At present the combined population of the Sauks and Foxes is about four hundred, located on a reservation in Iowa. The Sioux were the Minnesota branch of this nation, under their chief Wabasha, _q. v._, _post_, note 87.—ED. Footnote 95: