[Footnote 74: There is a magazine at Chunar, which serves for Benares and the stations immediately below it. The river from Chunar to Allahabad is not suited for a speedy transmission by boats, because the stream for about thirty miles below Allahabad is full of shoals.] [Footnote 75: Rooke's Translation of Alexander's Expedition.] [Footnote 76: Sanscrit, the Sone or Golden River.] [Footnote 77: Ancient and Modern Geography, p. 522.] [Footnote 78: P. 300.] [Footnote 79: Page 3, note 1.] [Footnote 80: Works, vol. i. p. 306.] [Footnote 81: Vol. i. p. 26.] [Footnote 82: Vol. i. p. 146.] [Footnote 83: Journal of Asiatic Society. Vol. xiv. p. 137. Part I, Nos. 157-162.] [Footnote 84: Hamilton's Gazetteer, Rennel, &c.] [Footnote 85: Wilford, Asiatic Researches. Vol. v. p. 272.] [Footnote 86: Elphinstone, in his history of India, says: "There are _eighteen_ Puranas composed by different authors between the 8th and 16th centuries." Col. Francklin should have proved his author, and given his date.] [Footnote 87: Part iv. p. 53.] [Footnote 88: He was also Lord of Benares, and rebuilt Ayodhya.] [Footnote 89: P. 295.] [Footnote 90: Vol. i. p. 36.] [Footnote 91: Lib. xv. p. 1028.] [Footnote 92: The eighty stadia long by fifteen broad, would be equal to twenty-three miles and three quarters in circuit.] [Footnote 93: Diodorus Siculus, vol i. pp. 120, 121.] [Footnote 94: Francklin (Appendix p. 62.) gives Beejapore as thirty-six miles in circuit, and Nineveh as forty-seven miles. Diodorus Siculus makes Nineveh to have been sixty miles and Babylon only forty-eight.] [Footnote 95: Vol. i. p. 1.] [Footnote 96: China has 1,200,000 square miles, and is said to be 1,400 by 1,600 miles.] CHAPTER XIII. Steamers on the Ganges--Native Pilots--Course of the River--Mr. Sims proposes Shields to the Banks--Shoals--Tributary Streams--Rapids--The Jumna--Mirzapore--Benares--Trimbuckjee Danglia--Chunar--Sultanpore.