Many natives of both sexes came to our camp during the day, in quest of medical treatment, as they had done during our absence the day before; and we were much amused to find that Abraham had coolly undertaken medical practice on his own account. He had provided himself with a large bottle of black stuff, containing heaven knows what nauseous ingredients, and this was doled out impartially to all applicants. It appeared to be a strong purgative, and may have answered sufficiently well in the rather frequent cases of indigestion arising from overeating. Of more serious complaints, ophthalmia was one of the most prevalent here, as elsewhere throughout South Marocco. Scrofulous sores and strictures were also common. Women desirous of offspring were brought to the camp by their husbands, and some cases of natural deformity also presented themselves. All seemed to have that great condition for remarkable cures that depends on a firm faith in the efficacy of the remedy. We had deliberately refused to follow the example of many African travellers, by including aphrodisiacs among the drugs carried with us, and all applications for such were met by a stern refusal. We found time in the afternoon to examine the vegetation of the valley in the neighbourhood of our camp, of which we had hitherto obtained merely a passing view. The general aspect was very much what may be found at a level lower by 1,200 or 1,400 feet in Southern Spain or Calabria. In the valley bottom the prevailing trees were poplars—the common black poplar, and a small-leaved variety of the white poplar—and _Salix purpurea_, with walnut, olive, and carob, the latter three being extensively cultivated. The small-leaved ash, _Fraxinus oxyphylla_, was also rather common, but does not grow to so large a size as in North Marocco. On drier ground, on the stony slopes, _Callitris_ occurs here and there; and two junipers—_J. oxycedrus_ and _J. phœnicea_,—are rather frequent, and when allowed to reach maturity attain to the stature of small trees. The evergreen oak is the predominant tree on the flanks of the mountains, and exhibits several varieties, but rarely attains its natural size. Shrubs and low bushes, as usual in the Mediterranean region, are very numerous and varied, most of them, such as the alaternus, phillyrea, lentisk, oleander, and colutea, being widely diffused species of Southern Europe; and a beautiful honeysuckle (_Lonicera etrusca_), with large, sweet-scented flowers, was a conspicuous ornament. Along with these, several common forms of Central and North-western Europe, such as the common bramble, the ivy, the dog-rose and elder, here find their southern limit. It was not possible, however, for a botanist to look about him at any spot in the valley without being struck by abundant evidence that he had entered a region very distinct from any part of Southern Europe or Algeria. This impression was strengthened throughout