The most prominent characteristics of the mountain flora of the Great Atlas were found to be of a negative character. If asked to point out the positive features that most struck us, we should in the first place note the prevalence of _Cruciferæ_ and _Caryophylleæ_, the former reckoning one-ninth and the latter one-tenth of the whole number of flowering plants. Of conspicuous genera we had especially remarked _Chrysanthemum_, _Galium_, and _Linaria_. Of the first of these we found two new species, one of which, from its remarkable buff-coloured rays and large scarious involucres, has been named _Chrysanthemum Catananche_. The state of the weather and the earliness of the season may partially account for the scarcity of animal life in the upper part of the Aït Mesan valley; but, from all we could learn, this appears to be a characteristic feature of the Great Atlas. The lion is said to exist in the lower valleys, and especially in Sous, but we were led to suspect that the animal so called by the natives is the leopard. The lion undoubtedly exists in the low country, but appears to be now rare. Those sent as presents from the Sultan to crowned heads have generally been taken in the valleys east of Fez. The only one of the Carnivora seen by us was a rather large creature, resembling a civet in form, but with no markings on the yellowish brown fur, once seen near our camp at Hasni. Birds were remarkably scarce, and the only conspicuous kind observed near enough to be identified much resembled the red-legged partridge, and was seen at a height of from 9,000 to 10,000 feet in the ascent to the Tagherot Pass. Instead of going in pairs, as that species is used to do, these formed a small covey. A single scorpion, of large size, seemingly of the species common in the low country, was found under a stone by Maw. Of the numerous reptiles that abound about the skirts of the mountain range, few, except lizards, seem to frequent the interior valleys; and the latter are wanting, or at least rare, in the higher region. Insects were also infrequent, and none were found under stones above the level of 9,000 feet.