a. Knotty question, page 426. b. Like a line of forked lightning, page 427. (This whole paragraph is a wonderfully beautiful description.) c. Rose like slow smoke, page 427. d. In feeble wreaths, page 428. e. Shrieks resembling those of human voices in distress or pain, page 428. f. None like the ordinary forms of splintered ice, page 428. g. _Deceitful_ shadows, page 428. h. Lurid lights _played_, page 428. i. Ice _yawned_ into fresh chasms, page 428. j. Fell _thundering_ across his path, page 429. k. Rays _beat_ intensely, page 429. l. Its lips parched and burning, page 430. m. Long snake-like shadows, page 430. n. The _leaden_ weight of the _dead_ air pressed upon his brow and heart, page 430. o. Shaped like a sword, page 431. p. Like a red-hot ball, page 431. q. They shook their crests like tongues of fire, page 432. r. Flashes of _bloody_ light gleamed along their foam, page 432. s. An icy chill shot through his limbs, page 432. t. The _moaning_ of the river, page 432. u. _The Black Stone_, page 432. CHAPTER XVI JOURNEYS THROUGH BOOKLAND IN ITS RELATION TO THE SCHOOL--(Continued) _Geography and History_ The connection between geography and history on the one hand and literature on the other is most intimate. In the first place nearly all our knowledge of history must come through reading, and while we learn our geography most accurately through travel and observation, but a small part of our information comes through those channels. We read incessantly of our own country and others, we fill our minds with visions of plants, animals and the peoples of foreign lands from the facts we gather from the papers, magazines and books. If most of our facts come through reading it is no less true that most of our real interest in geography and history comes not from the facts of our text-books but from the literature we have read, the literature that clothed those facts and made them real and living. Ask yourselves what gave you your first real interest in the history of Scotland and see if your answer is not, "The novels of Scott." Again, where did you get your first adequate ideas of chivalry and the feudal system if it was not from _Ivanhoe_ or some similar piece of literature? What makes the Crimean War a household word in the homes of two continents if it is not the deeds of Florence Nightingale and Tennyson's _Charge of the Light Brigade_? Who can tell most of the Battle of Waterloo, he who has read the facts of history or he who has read Byron's thrilling poem and the description by Victor Hugo? Who knows the English home as it was? He who reads Goldsmith's _Deserted Village_. [Illustration: OLIVER GOLDSMITH MATTHEW ARNOLD JOHN RUSKIN THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY JOHN BUNYAN THOMAS DE QUINCEY CHARLES LAMB]