Keats, John, 1795-1821; Poets, English -- 19th century -- Biography
One, indeed, of the besetting faults of his earlier poetry Keats has
shaken off--his muse is seldom tempted now to echo the familiar
sentimental chirp of Hunt's. But that tendency which he by nature shared
with Hunt, the tendency to linger and luxuriate over every imagined
pleasure with an over-fond and doting relish, is still strong in him. And
to the weaknesses native to his own youth and temperament are joined
others derived from an exclusive devotion to the earlier masters of
English poetry. The creative impulse of the Elizabethan age, in its
waywardness and lack of discipline and discrimination, not less than in
its luxuriant strength and freshness, seems actually revived in him. He
outdoes even Spenser in his proneness to let Invention ramble and loiter
uncontrolled through what wildernesses she will, with Imagination at her
heels to dress if possible in living beauty the wonders that she finds
there: and sometimes Imagination is equal to the task and sometimes not:
and even busy Invention herself occasionally flags, and is content to
grasp at any idle clue the rhyme holds out to her:--
"--a nymph of Dian's
Wearing a coronal of tender scions":--
"Does yonder thrush,
Schooling its half-fledged little ones to brush
About the dewy forest, whisper tales?--
Speak not of grief, young stranger, or cold snails
Will slime the rose to-night."
Chapman especially among Keats's masters had this trick of letting thought
follow the chance dictation of rhyme. Spenser and Chapman--to say nothing
of Chatterton--had farther accustomed his ear to experimental and rash
dealings with their mother tongue. English was almost as unsettled a
language for him as for them; and he strives to extend its resources, and
make them adequate to the range and freshness of his imagery, by the use
of compound and other adjectival coinages in Chapman's
spirit--'far-spooming Ocean', 'eye-earnestly', 'dead-drifting', 'their
surly eyes brow-hidden', 'nervy knees', 'surgy murmurs'--coinages
sometimes legitimate or even happy, but often fantastic and tasteless: as
well as by sprinkling his nineteenth-century diction with such archaisms
as 'shent', 'sith', and 'seemlihed' from Spenser, 'eterne' from Spenser
and William Browne; or with arbitrary verbal forms, as 'to folly', 'to
monitor', 'gordian'd up', to 'fragment up'; or with neuter verbs used as
active, as to 'travel' an eye, to 'pace' a team of horses, and _vice
versa_. Hence even when in the other qualities of poetry his work is good,
in diction and expression it is apt to be lax and wavering, and full of
oddities and discords.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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