12(11) Sporangiophores regularly and repeatedly dichotomously branched. Chains of 2-10 spores produced in small groups, which may be wet or dry, on deciduous heads, 4-15µm diam. Parasitic on other fungi, mostly other Mucorales. _Piptocephalis_ (fig. 78) e.g. spores 4-5 × 2-3µm, in pairs; heads dry - _P. lepidula_ spores 5-6 × 2-2.5µm, in chains of 4-9; heads dry - _P. cylindrospora_ spores 4-8 × 2-4µm, in chains of 3-5; heads dry; sporangiophore without rhizoids - _P. freseniana_ spores 4-6 × 4-4.5µm, in chains of 3-6; heads wet; sporangiophore with rhizoids - _P. repens_ spores 3-5 × 2-2.5µm, in chains of 3-5, heads wet; head cell lyses, to leave only a fringe at the tip of the very fine sporangiophore - _P. fimbriata_ - Sporangiophores simple or irregularly branched. 13 13(12) A large conspicuous fungus, macroscopically Mucor-like, mycelium coarse. Sporangiophores with a distinct terminal swelling with crowded spore chains. Spores usually 5-10 in a chain, globose to ovoid, 2-8 × 4-6µm. _Syncephalastrum racemosum_ (fig. 81) - Sporangiophores less conspicuous, 100-1000µm high, with a 'holdfast' at the base attaching the sporangiophore to the substrate. Mycelium very fine. Parasitic on other Mucorales. _Syncephalis_ (fig. 77) e.g. sporangiophores 100-200µm high, with three 'nodes' along their length; merosporangia often forked at the basal cell; spores 8-10 × 6µm - _S. nodosa_ sporangiophores up to 750µm high; merosporangia usually subdivided at their base into several branches, each with 5-10 spores; spores 5-10 × 3-4µm - _S. depressa_ (N.B. _Oedocephalum_ spp. (fig. 79), the anamorphic states of many dung fungi (esp. Ascobolaceae and Pezizaceae), _Rhopalomyces_ (fig. 80), and some _Aspergillus_ spp. are superficially similar to _Syncephalis_ at first sight). 14(11) Sporangia containing a single closely fitting elongated spore, produced in serried ranks on one side of a boat-shaped branch (sporoclade). 15 - Single-spored sporangia ('spores') globose, produced singly or if in groups not on sporoclades. 16