Robert I, King of Scots, 1274-1329; Scotland -- Kings and rulers -- Biography
Harcla at once published the terms of the agreement, and they were
received with intense satisfaction on the Border. He appears to have
acted in concert with the chief officers in these parts, and to have
believed, or at least professed, that he acted within the terms of
his commission. Edward, however, on January 8, ordered that no truce
be made without his knowledge, and summoned Harcla to his presence;
and on January 19, he sent a copy of the Lochmaben indenture to his
Council at York, with the comment that it appeared to him 'fraught with
great danger.' He had already (January 13) instituted a search of the
Chancery rolls for any authorisation to Harcla to treat with the Scots.
On February 25, Harcla was arrested in Carlisle Castle; and on March
3, he was tried, condemned, and barbarously executed. The charge of
treason, though formally too well grounded, was essentially baseless;
otherwise it is unintelligible that Harcla should have limited his
measures of self-defence to the procurement of the formal oaths of the
northern sheriffs to stand by him 'in all things touching the common
good of England and the said peace.' His action was simply the action
of a strong, business-like, and patriotic man, forgetful of finesse.
His mistake lay in omitting to obtain express authority to treat, and
in neglecting either to veil his contempt for the King, or to provide
against his natural resentment, inflamed as it was sure to be by the
envy of personal enemies.
The death of Harcla, the keenest and ablest warrior in England, did
not remove the difficulties from Edward's path. In a fortnight he was
treating for peace--'was frightened, and begged for peace,' according
to the _Flores Historiarum_--though in his own perversely maladroit
fashion. On March 21, Robert wrote to Lord Henri de Sully, Edward's
envoy, in substance this:
The King of England's letter, of which you sent me a copy
yesterday, bears that he has granted a cessation of arms to the
people of Scotland at war with him. This language is very strange
to me. In former truces taken between us, I was named principal
of the one part, as he was of the other part, although he did
not vouchsafe to me the title of King. But on this occasion, no
more mention is made of me than of the least person in my realm;
so that, in case of a breach, I should be no more entitled than
another to demand redress. Do not be surprised, then, that I do
not agree to this truce. If, however, it were put before me in
the proper way, I should willingly sanction it, as I promised
you. I send you a copy of the King's letter; for I imagine you
have not seen it, or, if you have, you have paid but scant
attention to its terms.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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