Kościuszko, Tadeusz, type of national champion, 23; character, 23, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34, 41, 42, 45, 47, 49, 51, 57, 62, 70, 80, 83, 93, 102, 105, 107, 111, 115, 122-124, 127, 131, 134, 138, 147, 148, 174, 175. 196; birth, 23; early life, 24-6; efforts for the serfs, 25, 55, 85, 116, 117, 190, 192; patriotism, 26, 32, 33. 43. 50. 58. 70. 83, 84, 93, 115, 122, 123, 144, 167, 175, 176, 182, 188, 191, 196, 200; relations with Adam Czartoryski, 27, 50; life as cadet, 27-30; relations with Stanislas Augustus, 27, 30-33, 35, 59, 60, 76, 79-81, 113, 119, 122; his appearance, 29, 144; financial difficulties, 30-33, 54, 55; studies in France, 31, 32, 35; in American War of Independence, 31, 32, 36-52, 57, 59, 82, 91, 132; returns to Poland in 1774, 32, 33; affection for Anna Estkowa, 33, 56; Ludwika Sosnowska (Lubomirska) and, 33-35. 51, 59, 163, 199; leaves Poland in 1775, 35; in Paris, 35, 36; relations with Washington, 37, 39-44, 49, 177, 178; relations with Gates, 38, 39, 43, 44, 178; meeting with Pułaski, 39, 40; relations with Greene, 43-46; sympathy for negroes, 45; Greene on, 48, 49; American testimonies to, 49; American honours for, 49, 50; friendship with Niemcewicz, 50, 51, 61, 105, 144, 160, 165, 170; leaves America, 51; democratic sympathies, 51, 58, 59, 90, 91, 128, 178; returns to Poland from America, 53; life in the country, 54-8; letters to Anna Estkowa, 56, 57, 60, 61, 84, 85; friendship with Zaleskis, 57; letter to Michał Zaleski's wife, 57, 58; letters to Michał Zaleski, 58, 72, 73, 82, 83; his ideas on peasant army, 58, 91-4, 108, 110, 116; command in Polish army, 59-62, 73; friendship with Ignacy Potocki and Kołłontaj, 61, 153; Orlowski's letter to, 62; love for Tekla Żurowska, 62-70; letters to Tekla Żurowska, 63-7, 69; in _Pan Tadeusz_, 70; part in Ukraine campaign, 74-6, 78; his MS. on Ukraine campaign, 75. 76, 78, 91, 92, 119; honours after Dubienka, 76, 77; resigns command, 79-81, 84; letters to Princess Czartoryska, 79-81, 84, 121; audience with King, 80, 81; last days in Warsaw, 81, 82; letter to Felix Potocki, 82; bequeathal of estate, 84, 85; goes into exile, 85, 86; in Galicia, 87, 88; friendship of Czartoryskis for, 87; in Leipzig, 88, 89; Kołłontaj on, 89; in Paris during Revolution, 89-92; relations with Lebrun, 90, 187; characteristics of his government of Poland, 91, 114, 115, 121, 124; returns to Leipzig, 92; chosen as national leader, 92, 93; preparations for Rising, 93, 94; in Italy, 94; in Dresden, 95; enters Poland as liberator, 95; enters Cracow, 96; his Act of the Rising, 96-102, 127; opens Rising in Cracow, 97, 98; made dictator, 100; character of his manifestos, 102, 123; manifesto to the Polish and Lithuanian armies, 103-5; to the clergy, 105; to women, 105, 106; receives offering of boatmen, 106, 107; organizes Rising, 107;