[Footnote 112: Édouard, Prince Palatine, a younger son of the Elector Palatine, Frédéric V.] [Footnote 113: Motteville.] [Footnote 114: Duc d'Aumale's _Histoire des princes de Condé_.] [Footnote 115: Among other emoluments he had 800,000 livres.] [Footnote 116: _Mémoires_ of Lenet.] [Footnote 117: Manuscript _Mémoires_ published in fragments with Olivier d'Ormesson's Journal, by M. Chervel (who appears to have been a member of the House of Condé).] [Footnote 118: Mazarin lived in a palace which became the Bibliothèque Nationale.] [Footnote 119: In Mazarin's letters the words in italics are either in cipher or in words which he had agreed upon with the Queen when arranging the details of his absence; in this instance we have used the translation given by M. Ravenel in his _Lettres du Cardinal Mazarin à la Reine_, etc.] [Footnote 120: La Porte.] [Footnote 121: _Mémoires_ of La Porte.] [Footnote 122: _Mémoires_ of de Brienne, junior.] [Footnote 123: See the journal of Olivier d'Ormesson. This scene took place March 19, 1645.] [Footnote 124: Motteville.] [Footnote 125: _La misère au temps de la Fronde_ (quoted from the records of the Council).] [Footnote 126: _La Galerie des portraits de Mlle. de Montpensier._ (New edition.) Édouard de Barthélemy.] CHAPTER V I. The Beginning of Trouble--Paris and the Parisians in 1648--II. The Parliamentary Fronde--Mademoiselle Would Be Queen of France--III. The Fronde of the Princes and the Union of the Frondes--Projects for an Alliance with Condé--IV. La Grande Mademoiselle's Heroic Period--The Capture of Orleans--The Combat in the Faubourg Saint Antoine--The End of the Fronde. I Few political crises have left, either upon participants or upon witnesses, impressions as diverse as the impressions left by the Fronde. As examples of this fact take Retz (whose _Mémoires_ are the epopee of revolutionary Paris), Omer Talon, the Queen's friend, M. de Motteville, La Rochefoucauld, duke and peer, Gaston d'Orléans, de Beaufort, Anne de Gonzague, Mme. de Chevreuse, and all the messieurs and mesdames whose ways of thinking we know. They furnished the divers views of the Fronde from which we gain our knowledge of that event, and as they deduced their impressions from the effect which the Fronde had upon their personal interests or sympathies, and from their mental conditions, it is difficult to form an independent or a just idea. Versatile and brilliant imaginations have left kaleidoscopic visions of a limited number of very plain realities, and as the only means of giving uniformity and sequency to a narrative which, though it covers various periods, is circumscribed by certain limits, is to make a selection from the many means of study furnished by a voluminous mass of documents, I have detached from history nothing but the facts which were connected with the life of the person around whom I have woven this narrative.