_bachelier_. In the Middle Ages the word was used of a young man of good birth who, being too poor to raise his own standard, fought under the banner of a knight, but not as a squire. The juxtaposition of _Je suis bachelier_ with _Je sais lire en latin_ has given rise to the suspicion that Hugo, who found the word in one of Jubinal's articles, understood it in the modern sense. In the absence of further evidence, however, the poet may be considered entitled to a verdict of 'not proven'. BIVAR. _Bivar_, in Spanish _Vivar_, was the name of the ancestral home of the Cid. It is a castle near Burgos, in which the Cid was born in 1040. _patio_ (Spanish), a court or open space in front of a house. The _ti_ is pronounced as in French _question_. _buenos dias_=good day. l 18. The full name of the Cid was Rodrigue Ruy Diaz de Bivar, or in Spanish Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar. _campéador_. The Spanish word _campeador_, derived from _campear_, to be eminent in the field, signifies _excellent_, _pre-eminent_, and was the title given to their champion by the Spaniards, The Moors called him the Cid, i.e. Seid, an Arabic word for _chief_. _pavois_, an old word for a large shield, which protected the whole body, and on which the Franks raised the king whom they had elected. _richomme_, from the Spanish _ricohombre_, a title given to the Barons of Aragon. _servidumbre_ (Spanish), an establishment of servants. In Spanish the last syllable is sounded. EVIRADNUS. (PAGE 26.) As far as is known, the story is of Hugo's own invention. The epoch may be supposed to be the later Middle Ages, the place anywhere in Teuton lands. The proper names are mostly of Hugo's own invention; some are, however, echoes from German mediaeval history. The poem and another called _Le Petit Roi de Galice_ form a section of the _Légende_ called _Les Chevaliers Errants_. l 1. There was a Ladislaus, King of Poland, in the fourteenth, and a Sigismund, Emperor of Germany, in the fifteenth century. But the personages of the poem are in reality wholly imaginary. _stryge_ (written also _strige_), a vampire or demon that wanders about at night. Derived from Latin _striga_, a bird of night, or a witch. _lémure_: Lémures (the singular is very rare) is the Latin _lemures_, the disembodied spirits which haunted houses and caused terror to the living. _val_, valley, The word is now little used and only in poetry, except in the phrase _par monts et par vaux_. _preux_. See note on AYMERILLOT, l 54. _munster_ (German), cathedral. _bauges_, properly the lairs of wild boars. _Amadis_, commonly called Amadis of Gaul, the hero of a celebrated mediaeval poem, written originally in Spanish, which recounts his heroism in war and constancy in love. He is the typical knight-errant and true lover. _Baudoin_. This is Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon. He became King of Jerusalem and died in 1118. During the Crusade he went on a pilgrimage to the Holy City.