The Ministry of Labour is responsible for the administration of the Employment Exchanges established under the Labour Exchanges Act, 1909, which now number over 400 in Great Britain. The work of the Exchanges falls under two main heads, viz., that of bringing together employers requiring workpeople, and workpeople desiring employment, and that of administering the National Unemployment Insurance Scheme. As illustrating the amount of work performed by the Exchanges during the seven years 1914 to 1920 inclusive, the average number of yearly placings was 1,360,000. The organization of the Exchanges provides a ready means of bringing a demand for labour from any part of the United Kingdom into touch immediately with a supply in any other part. Railway warrants are issued by the Exchanges in necessitous cases subject to a signed undertaking being given, either by the workman or his prospective employer, to repay the amount involved. Women are dealt with in a separate department of each Exchange, which, in all but the very smallest Exchanges, is in charge of a woman officer and is staffed by women. The administration of unemployment insurance has greatly increased the work of the Exchanges in connection with women. Under the old Insurance Acts about 500,000 women were insured against unemployment, but this number has been increased to 2,750,000 under the Unemployment Insurance Act of 1920. Since the war, in addition to dealing with industrial and commercial occupations, the Exchanges deal with private resident domestic service as a permanent part of their work, and also with applicants who are desirous of obtaining employment over-seas. They co-operate with the Central Committee on Women’s Training and Employment in selecting women for training courses. In all these matters, and in interviewing and advising unemployed women, valuable assistance is rendered by the Women’s Sub-Committees of the Local Employment Committees. Boys and girls under the age of eighteen are dealt with in a special department of each Exchange, except in the case of the smallest Exchanges. In about 250 areas, Juvenile Employment Committees have been set up in connection with Juvenile Departments of Exchanges. These Committees have been appointed under the Labour Exchanges Act, 1909, the Education (Choice of Employment) Act, 1910, or the Education (Scotland) Act, 1908. During the war, the Exchanges were very largely used by the Government for the purpose of organizing the supply of labour for munitions and essential services. The various measures included schemes for (1) registration and enrolment so that skilled and other essential workers could be removed from one part of the country to another, (2) the temporary release of serving soldiers for munitions and essential work, (3) the supply of substitutes to enable more workers to be recruited in the army from essential industries and services, and (4) the recruitment of women workers for munition work.