The real feeling that the worker is trying to express is his sense of personal insignificance in a great factory, accentuated, when grievances arise, by the difficulty, in large works, of securing prompt discussion of them between the workers and the management. All that can be done is for the worker to report the matter to the shop steward of his particular craft in the department, who will no doubt report it to the secretary of his Trade Union district committee. The latter will put it forward for consideration by the committee and take their instructions upon it, and the committee will, in course of time, send down him or the district delegate to the works to see the employer. A discussion will take place, the results of which the district delegate will report back to the district committee. If the matter is amicably settled there is an end of it; if, on the other hand, it still remains in dispute, the district committee may decide to refer it to the executive council of their Union. The executive council will then remit it to the central organization of the employers, to be considered by them at their next meeting. The matter may be then adjusted, or it may be left over for discussion at one of the periodical joint central conferences. While this ponderous machinery is functioning the individual worker is left face to face with the remembrance of his grievance, and it is not surprising that he gradually acquires a sense of inferiority and a feeling of being neglected, through his ignorance that the mills of conciliation grind slowly. The object first and foremost must be to adapt existing, or provide new, machinery in all industries to enable grievances to be speedily discussed in the works in which they arise. It may be found when they are investigated that they involve some issue common to all the works in the district engaged in the same industry. Obviously, then, that is a matter to be discussed between the district employers and the district committees of the Trade Unions, or through the district conciliation machinery, whatever it may be. In course of the district discussions it may be ascertained that the matters of controversy have raised some national question, then, obviously, for the sake of industrial uniformity, these questions should be considered nationally between the organizations representing all the employers in the country engaged in the particular industry and the Trade Unions representing the men, or through the appropriate national conciliation machinery. These are the general lines along which, as Part II shows, industrial conciliation machinery has developed. In the highly organized industries, there is machinery, district and national, but not as a rule works’ committees. The drawback in all industries is the delay. The Whitley Councils Scheme