The women use for dyeing a sort of rock _Lichenoides_, of a brown stercoraceous colour, (perhaps _Lichen stygius_, or _omphalodes_,) which they boil in water with alum. But Walmal cloth, and stockings, are dyed without alum. Some add a little Arnotto (_Bixa Orelana_). Shoes like short half-boots are worn here made of seal-skin. _October 7._ In the evening of this day I passed over the plain of Aland. There were abundance of Finn-berries (_Hippophaë rhamnoides_) by the road. _October 8._ I sailed over the sea of Aland. _October 9._ Near Esbro an iron mine has lately been opened. About the church are sundry sepulchral monuments. I noticed on the small surrounding hills, as well as at Musangen, very fine and lofty plants of juniper resembling cypresses, the branches erect and close, assuming a conical or pyramidal figure. _October 10._ About one o'clock in the afternoon I arrived safe at Upsal. To the Maker and Preserver of all things be praise, honour and glory for ever! * * * * * Some observations relative to the Seal, _Phoca vitulina_. There are two kinds (or varieties) of this animal. The _Gră Siăl_ (Grey Seal) is the largest, of a grey colour, lighter, and slightly clouded on the back. The _Wikare Siăl_ (Creek Seal) is smaller, black on the back, and very cloudy or wavy at the sides. Otherwise there is no difference between them. The whelp at its birth is perfectly white, being covered with white hair about an inch long, which it loses in four or five weeks, and becomes quite black. At the same period it acquires more activity and shyness than at first. The upper fore teeth are six, very small, resembling those of a dog. The eye-teeth slightly enlarged at their outer edge, as in the dog, and furnished with a little notch at their base. Grinders six. Whiskers remarkably large. There are two nipples a little below the navel, which the female has a power of drawing in, so as to leave holes large enough to admit the finger. She lets them out at pleasure to her young one. The seal lies on its back while sleeping, either on the ice or on rocks. They couple soon after the feast of St. Matthew, September 21; and the grey seal brings forth its young in January, the creek seal in February. The male runs round and round the female many times, with a yelping noise, being very careful not to be observed. When the female has young, the male is very savage, and continually attends to protect her. She brings forth but one at a birth, which at first is dull and stupid, easily caught. If thrown into the water, however, he exerts himself with some activity, and returns to the shore, not having as yet acquired any shyness. But by the time all his first coat of white hair is fallen off, he begins to be timid. The growth of the young seals is very rapid.