Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution: His Life and WorkPackard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring)
History
Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution: His Life and Work
Packard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring)
Evolution (Biology); Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de, 1744-1829; Naturalists -- France -- Biography
The elimination of the barnacles or Cirrhipedes from the molluscs was a
decided step in advance, and was a proof of the acute observation and
sound judgment of Lamarck. He says that this class is still very
imperfectly known and its position doubtful, and adds: "The Cirrhipedes
have up to the present time been placed among the molluscs, but
although certain of them closely approach them in some respects, they
have a special character which compels us to separate them. In short, in
the genera best known the feet of these animals are distinctly
articulated and even crustaceous (_crustacés_)." He does not refer to
the nervous system, but this is done in his next work. It will be
remembered that Cuvier overlooked this feature of the jointed limbs, and
also the crustaceous-like nervous system of the barnacles, and allowed
them to remain among the molluscs, notwithstanding the decisive step
taken by Lamarck. It was not until many years after (1830) that Thompson
proved by their life-history that barnacles are true crustacea.
In the _Philosophie zoologique_ the ten classes of the invertebrates are
arranged in the following order:
_Les Mollusques._
_Les Cirrhipèdes._
_Les Annelides._
_Les Crustacés._
_Les Arachnides._
_Les Insectes._
_Les Vers._
_Les Radiaires._
_Les Polypes._
_Les Infusoires._
At the end of the second volume Lamarck gives a tabular view on a page
by itself (p. 463), showing his conception of the origin of the
different groups of animals. This is the first phylogeny or genealogical
tree ever published.
TABLEAU
Servant à montrer l'origine des differens animaux.
Vers. Infusoires.
. Polypes.
. Radiaires.
.
. .
. .
. .
. Insectes.
. Arachnides.
Annelides. Crustacés.
Cirrhipèdes.
Mollusques.
.
.
.
Poissons.
Reptiles.
.
. .
. .
Oiseaux. .
. .
. .
Monotrèmes. M. Amphibies.
.
. .
. .
. . M. Cétacés.
. .
. M. Ongulés.
M. Onguiculés.
The next innovation made by Lamarck in the _Extrait du Cours de
Zoologie_, in 1812, was not a happy one. In this work he distributed the
fourteen classes of the animal kingdom into three groups, which he named
_Animaux Apathiques_, _Sensibles_, and _Intelligens_. In this
physiologico-psychological base for a classification he unwisely
departed from his usual more solid foundation of anatomical structure,
and the results were worthless. He, however, repeats it in his great
work, _Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres_ (1815-1822).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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