Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution: His Life and WorkPackard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring)
History
Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution: His Life and Work
Packard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring)
Evolution (Biology); Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de, 1744-1829; Naturalists -- France -- Biography
"Assuredly, whatever has been his will, the omnipotence of his power
is always the same; and in whatever way this supreme will has been
manifested, nothing can diminish its greatness. As regards, then,
the decrees of this infinite wisdom, I confine myself to the limits
of a simple observer of nature. Then, if I discover anything in the
course that nature follows in her creations, I shall say, without
fear of deceiving myself, that it has pleased its author that she
possesses this power.
"The idea that was held as to species among living bodies was quite
simple, easy to grasp, and seemed confirmed by the constancy in the
similar form of the individuals which reproduction or generation
perpetuated. There still occur among us a very great number of these
pretended species which we see every day.
"However, the farther we advance in the knowledge of the different
organized bodies with which almost every part of the surface of the
globe is covered, the more does our embarrassment increase in
determining what should be regarded as species, and the greater is
the reason for limiting and distinguishing the genera.
"As we gradually gather the productions of nature, as our
collections gradually grow richer, we see almost all the gaps filled
up, and our lines of demarcation effaced. We find ourselves
compelled to make an arbitrary determination, which sometimes leads
us to seize upon the slightest differences between varieties to form
of them the character of that which we call species, and sometimes
one person designates as a variety of such a species individuals a
little different, which others regard as constituting a particular
species.
"I repeat, the richer our collections become, the more numerous are
the proofs that all is more or less shaded (_nuancé_), that the
remarkable differences become obliterated, and that the more often
nature leaves it at our disposal to establish distinctions only
minute, and in some degree trivial peculiarities.
"But some genera among animals and plants are of such an extent,
from the number of species they contain, that the study and the
determination of these species are now almost impossible. The
species of these genera, arranged in series and placed together
according to their natural relations, present, with those allied to
them, differences so slight that they shade into each other; and
because these species are in some degree confounded with one another
they leave almost no means of determining, by expression in words,
the small differences which distinguish them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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