Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
History
Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911
Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
Aeronautics; Flight
When the aerodrome was balanced for flight so as to bring the
theoretical “center of pressure in motion” over the center of
gravity, it was found that it was not possible to carry the center of
gravity in front of this point, although it was known by experience
to be necessary. Accordingly in the first trial the outer ends of the
tail were pressed down by the guys so that the wind of advance tended
to lift the tail and throw the head down more than if the tail had
been flat. Furthermore, the float, weighing 200 grammes, instead of
being placed in its normal position near the base of the bowsprit,
was carried out to its extremity, this change in the position of the
float alone being sufficient to carry the center of gravity forward
three or four centimetres. The curved wings were set at an angle of
nine degrees at the root and eleven degrees at the tip. They were
well guyed, and in flight appeared to be not materially twisted or
altered.
It was anticipated that the pressing down of the outer ends of the
tail and the shifting of the center of gravity would cause the
aerodrome to point downward in flight, and this anticipation was
verified in the test. At 6.15 a. m. the aerodrome was launched at a
steam pressure of 120 pounds. A perfect calm prevailed at the time
and the machine started straight ahead. There was no perceptible drop
at the moment it was released from the launching car, but a smooth
and steady descent until it struck the water, nose down, at a point
approximately 200 feet from the boat. Dr. Bell noted that the length
of time the aerodrome was in the air was 2.8 seconds. One of the
propellers was broken and the other one was found to have twisted its
shaft one-fourth of a turn.
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