Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
History
Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911
Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
Aeronautics; Flight
shaft bears, the arrangement being clearly shown by the accompanying
drawing, Plate 26A. [p118]
This, then, comprises the motive power equipment of the aerodrome,
and, to recapitulate, it includes the storage, automatic feeding and
regulation of the fuel; the storage, circulation and evaporation of
the water; the engine to convert the expansive power of the steam
into mechanical work; and the shafting for the transmission of the
energy developed by the engine to the propellers.
The propellers were made with the greatest care. Those used in the
successful trials were 1 metre in diameter, with an actual axial
pitch of 1.25 metres. They were made of white pine, glued together in
strips 7 mm. thick. The hub had a length of 45 mm. and a thickness
or diameter of 25 mm. At the outer edge the blade had a width of 315
mm. and a thickness of 2 mm. These propellers were most accurately
balanced and tested in every particular; each propeller blade was
balanced in weight with its mate and the pitch measured at every
point along the radius to insure its constancy; finally the two
propellers of the pair to be used together were balanced with each
other so that there would be no disturbance in the equilibrium of
the machine. As will be noted from the foregoing description of the
machinery, the propellers ran in opposite directions, as they were
made right- and left-hand screws. The weight of each propeller was
362 grammes.
We now turn again to take up the details of the construction of the
framework by which this propelling machinery is carried. The whole
aerodrome, as clearly shown in the photographs, Plates 27A and 27B,
is built about and dependent from one main backbone or midrod, which
extends well forward of all of the machinery and aft beyond all other
parts. This rod, as well as all other portions of the framework,
is of steel tubing. The midrod, being largest, is 20 mm outside
diameter, with a thickness of 0.5 mm. It is to this midrod that the
wings are directly attached, and from it the hull containing the
machinery is suspended.
The plan outline of the hull skeleton is similar to that of the
deck of a vessel. The steel tubing, 0.5 mm. thick, of which it is
formed, has an outside diameter of 15 mm. from the front end to
the cross-framing used to carry the propellers, back of which the
diameter is decreased to 10 mm.
The midrod makes a slight angle with this frame, the vertical
distance between the centers of the tubing being 73 mm. at the front
and 67 mm. at the back. The tube, corresponding to the keel of a
vessel, is braced to the upper tubes by light U-shaped ribs and by
two 8-mm. tubes forming a V brace on a line with the back end of the
guides of the engine. At the extreme front and back there is a direct
vertical connection to the midrod.
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