Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
History
Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911
Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
Aeronautics; Flight
On account of the large size of these wings and the consequent
difficulty in handling them it was necessary to construct them in
such a manner that they could be easily taken apart, rolled up,
transported to the house-boat or any other point where they might
need to be used, and then quickly reassembled. After much experiment
as to the best means of constructing them, the following plan was
devised. The cloth covering was permanently fastened to the front
rib, to which were attached the front extension pieces by means of
small metal clips secured by small wood screws. On the rear edge
of the front main rib, at a uniform distance of 30 inches apart,
10 small metal horns of 1-mm. tubing, 5 cm. long, each brazed to
an independent clamping thimble, as shown in Fig. 9 of Plate 66,
were fastened. The front end of each of the cross-ribs was slightly
rounded out to fit the front main rib, and in the wooden block which
was glued in this end of the cross-rib a hole was bored to fit
these horns. Each of the cross-ribs was then pushed over its proper
horn and against the front main rib, and the cloth covering then
drawn back toward the rear tips of the cross-ribs. In the extreme
rear edge of the cloth covering a seam was made, and in this was
inserted the “D”-rib already described. The cloth was then tightly
stretched and a wood screw forced through the “D”-rib and into and
through the metal ferrule at the tip of the cross-rib. Near the
inner and outer edges of the cloth covering eyelets were placed
about 6 inches apart, through which small cords were then inserted
and tied to the end cross-ribs. The main or mid-rib was then placed
on top of the cross-ribs and fastened to them with wood screws,
and the cross-braces were then fastened on the top of the wing, as
shown in Plate 54. The frame of the wing was stiffened horizontally
by cross guy-wires which passed from each cross-rib, at the point
where the mid-rib crossed it, to the adjoining cross-rib, at the
point where it was connected to the front rib. Each of the main ribs
was individually guyed, in the manner clearly shown in Plate 52, in
order to stiffen it in the vertical direction, the fittings for these
guy-wires being shown in detail in Figs. 11–15 of Plate 66. Finally,
small guy-wires were run from the front end of the cross-ribs over
a guy-post 12 inches high at the point where the cross-rib crossed
the mid-rib to the rear tip of the cross-rib. These cross guy-wires
were regulated in [p206] tightness by raising and lowering a screw
in the slot of the head of which they rested, and which was threaded
in the end of the small guy-post. Upper and lower guy-wires, running
from the main ribs to the guy-posts on the aerodrome, as already
described, and as is clearly shown in the drawings, Plates 52 and 54,
completed the guy-wire system for the wings, except for the “drift
wires,” which for the front wings were run from the lower side of the
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