For coats of paint under water, oxide of iron cannot be used. Coats of oxide of iron paint are cheaper than coats of red oxide of lead paint. When oxide of iron is used for the first coat, much more technical skill is required for the painting of the covering coats than is the case when red oxide of lead is used for the first coat. =Shipbuilding[36].=--Cases arising in shipbuilding are due not so much to mixing the paints or red-lead paste as to the dust produced in sandpapering the coats of white paint applied in cabins, etc., in chipping and scraping off old red-lead paint, often in confined spaces such as double bottoms, tanks, bilges, etc. Splashing from injecting red lead between plates, fumes from burning off old paint, and fumes from paint while using it in confined spaces, are mentioned in reports. Several attacks have occurred to persons engaged in inserting red-hot rivets into holes containing yarn soaked in red lead and oil. Lead fumes, it is suggested, are given off. The number of cases included under this heading each year has been-- 1900 32 1901 28 1902 15 1903 24 1904 48 1905 32 1906 26 1907 22 1908 15 1909 27 1910 21 The figures illustrate the difficulty of obtaining a reduction in the attacks when the cause is to be found in conditions not amenable to control by exhaust ventilation. The possibility of effecting some reduction by such precautions as can be adopted is suggested by the diminution (from 110 to 60) in the number of cases in the Government dockyards in the six years 1905-1910 and 1899-1904 respectively, as compared with the increase (from 67 to 87) in all other shipbuilding yards. In the Government dockyards, among other precautions, men employed on red-leading appear before the medical officer periodically, and no man is allowed to do the work for more than two days a week. Further, oxide of iron paint is to be used in the double bottoms, wing passages, and other confined spaces on board ships. All men employed as painters are allowed five minutes out of their working time for washing. =Other Industries.=--The industries and processes which are gathered together under this head will be seen from the following distribution: