On the other hand, Hitzig’s observations on the associated inflammation of the bloodvessels has received confirmation by several independent workers. Westphal[30] cites a case of chronic lead poisoning resulting in death from encephalopathy, and describes degeneration and œdema of the brain following a process of chronic inflammation in the smallest and minute bloodvessels, and also associated with degeneration of the ganglion cells in the vicinity. Chvostek[31] also publishes a similar case where cerebral degeneration and some œdema had occurred. Kolisko[32], in examining the brain of a girl who had died of encephalopathy, found chronic œdema of the brain and spinal cord, the condition closely resembling that described by Hitzig as chronic cerebral hypertrophy. Quensel[33], in a man who had died of encephalopathy, found leptomeningitis, atrophy of the cortex with degeneration of the parenchymatous elements of the cells and nerve fibres, degenerative changes in the vessels, nuclear destruction and pigmentation of the cells, and œdema. Nissl[34] described granules, which bear his name, present in the ganglion cells in the cortex, with parenchymatous degeneration. These cases were not associated with paralysis, nor is encephalopathy by any means always complicated with paralysis of muscles. Berchthold[35] describes a case of typical spastic paraplegia due to lead, and states that the cortical neurons were but little damaged, the weight of the poison having fallen upon the peripheral segments. Sorgo[36] describes a case of progressive spinal muscular atrophy traced to lead, in which degeneration of the spinal cord was a marked feature.