Leaders of the People: Studies in Democratic HistoryClayton, Joseph
History
Leaders of the People: Studies in Democratic History
Clayton, Joseph
Democracy; Great Britain -- History
In the spring of 1650 an attempt was made to extend the digging
propaganda--for the planting of St. George’s Hill was doomed--and
some of Winstanley’s disciples made a tour through the counties of
Middlesex, Bedford, Hertford, Huntingdon, and Northampton, settling
down at last on some waste ground near Wellingborough. Here they were
very soon arrested by a local justice of the peace, the Council of
State ordered their prosecution, and the movement was suppressed.
To the Council of State these Diggers were “Levellers,”[127] “intruders
upon other men’s properties,” “seditious and tumultuous,” against whom
the public peace must be preserved.
Of Winstanley’s future, when the days of the digging were over, nothing
seems to be known. Only one pamphlet is issued by him after 1650--“The
Law of Freedom in a Platform; or, True Magistracy Restored”--an open
letter to Oliver Cromwell, February, 1652. With this final manifesto
on the land question, and on the whole social question, as he saw
it, Gerrard Winstanley disappears from history. In the multitude of
prophets and preachers, visionaries and practical reformers of the
Commonwealth, Winstanley is little heeded by his contemporaries. The
importance of his mission is seen more clearly to-day, when statesmen,
politicians, and philanthropists all urge agrarian changes and the
excellence of land culture.
As to Winstanley’s claim on behalf of the people to the common lands,
the advantage of possession of these lands was realized by the
landowners in the eighteenth century, and from 1760 to 1830 more than a
thousand acts of parliament were passed for enclosing these lands.[128]
In “The Diggers Song,” (of unknown authorship[129]), the outlook of
Winstanley and his followers is expressed in popular form:
You noble Diggers all, stand up now, stand up now,
You noble Diggers all, stand up now,
The waste land to maintain, seeing Cavaliers by name,
Your digging do disdain; and persons all defame.
Stand up now, stand up now.
Your houses they pull down, stand up now, stand up now,
Your houses they pull down, stand up now;
Your houses they pull down to fright poor men in town,
But the Gentry must come down, and the poor shall wear the crown.
Stand up now, Diggers all!
With spades, and hoes, and plowes, stand up now, stand up now,
With spades, and hoes, and plowes, stand up now;
Your freedom to uphold, seeing Cavaliers are bold
To kill you if they could, and rights from you withhold.
Stand up now, Diggers all!
Their self-will is their law, stand up now, stand up now,
Their self-will is their law, stand up now;
Since tyranny came in, they count it now no sin
To make a gaol a gin, to starve poor men therein.
Stand up now, stand up now.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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