Leaders of the People: Studies in Democratic HistoryClayton, Joseph
History
Leaders of the People: Studies in Democratic History
Clayton, Joseph
Democracy; Great Britain -- History
Then in December came the issue of writs for Simon of Montfort’s
famous Full Parliament of 1265. Two knights are to be returned
from each shire, and for the first time from each city and borough
the burgesses are to send two representatives. Hitherto Parliament
had consisted of barons and clergy, and knights sent by the king’s
tenants, and the representation of the townspeople was unknown.
Simon’s earlier policy at Oxford had done nothing to extend the basis
of government or create a national responsibility for the laws. “The
provisions of 1258 restricted, the constitutions of 1264 extended the
limits of parliament.... Either Simon’s views of a constitution had
rapidly developed, or the influence which had checked them in 1258
were removed. Anyhow, he had had genius to interpret the mind of the
nation and to anticipate the line which was taken by later progress.”
(Stubbs.)
This development of Simon’s views may fairly be traced to his close
and intimate connection with the Dominican friars.[49] Simon’s father,
the warrior of the Albigensian wars, had been the warm friend of St.
Dominic. Simon himself was equally the friend of Bishop Grosseteste,
the champion of the friars. As far back as 1245 Simon had founded a
Dominican priory at Leicester. In 1263 he had been present at a General
Chapter of the Dominican Order in Holborn, London, and the Parliament
of Oxford had met in a Dominican priory in that city. All along the
friars had supported the popular movement.[50]
Now the peculiarity of the Dominican Order of Friars is its
representative form of government. Each priory sends two
representatives to its provincial chapter, and each province sends two
representatives to the general chapter of the order.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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