aware, that it arose from want of food, and consequently could not have felt any desire of food, but merely the general desire of relief which attends every disagreeable sensation. We might have felt the same uneasiness, which we term thirst, though we had not been aware, that it would be relieved by a draught of any beverage,--and the same pain of impeded respiration or fatigue, though nature had not led us instinctively, in the one case to perform the muscular actions necessary for expiration and inspiration; in the other, to change our posture, and thus give repose to the wearied limbs. Whatever be the organic states, which occasion these painful feelings, that are elementary in our appetites, there can be no doubt, that some organic affections precede them, as truly as some affection of an external organ precedes the pain of a burn, or the painful temporary blindness, when we are dazzled with excessive light. And though, in the case of the appetite, we may give the same name to the pain, and to the desire of that which is to relieve the pain; or rather, may give one name to the combination of the two feelings,--which is not to be wondered at, where the two feelings are so universally and so immediately successive,--this error, or rather this mere abbreviation of language, is no reason that we should consider the elementary pain itself, as different, in kind, from our other pains, that have not merely half a term to express them, but a whole undivided word of their own. The pain, of which the appetite desires the relief, is a _sensation_, as much as any other internal bodily pain which we feel,--a state or affection of the mind, arising, immediately and solely, from a state or affection of the body,--which is the only definition that can be given of a _sensation_. The pain of hunger and thirst, then, and, in general, every internal pain arising from a state of the bodily organs,--and distinct from the subsequent desires which they occasion,--are as truly _sensations_, as any other sensations; and the desires that follow these particular sensations, are as truly _desires_, as any other desires of which we have the consciousness. We may, indeed, if we resolve to invent a new name, for those particular desires, that terminate immediately in the relief of bodily pain, or the production of bodily pleasure, give to such desires the name of _appetites_; but it is surely a very simple analysis only, that is necessary to separate, from the desire of relief, the feeling of the pain which we wish to be relieved; since it is very evident, that the pain _must_ have existed primarily _before_ any such desire could be felt.