Lectures on the rise and development of medieval architecture; vol. 1Scott, George Gilbert, Sir
History
Lectures on the rise and development of medieval architecture; vol. 1
Scott, George Gilbert, Sir
Architecture, Gothic; Architecture, Medieval
The remarkable converse of this is, that at the close of our transition
we had not only thrown off this excess of Romanesque characteristics,
but had gone beyond the French in altering those of a less palpable
kind, and introducing details distinct from those of the preceding
style. Thus our arch mouldings became far more rich and more studied in
their profile than those in France, which continued to be little more
than the repetition of a roll between two hollows, while ours were
composed of numerous and beautiful members; the proportions of our
windows became much more graceful than those customarily used in France,
and the basement mouldings were better. On the other hand, we were far
less liberal in the use of sculpture, and we generated a purely moulded
capital, which the French can scarcely be said to possess--thus, if I
may say so, giving ourselves the choice of a _Doric_, as well as a
_Corinthian_, variety in our columns; and, finally, we relinquished the
square form of the abacus, and made our capitals for the most part
round; so that, at the end of our transition, we had departed much more
widely from our own Romanesque than the French had from theirs; and
while the early French transitional works look more advanced than those
of a corresponding stage in England, the case is reversed at its close,
when the English examples appear more advanced than the French, as may
be seen by comparing the interior of the Galilee at Ely with the western
portals of Nôtre Dame, which are of some years’ later date.[30]
I will close my outline of the English transition by referring to four
examples which mark the limits of its duration, by showing how soon the
true Early English attained its perfect development. The examples I cite
for this purpose are the following:--
1st. The choir and eastern transepts at Lincoln, which were
completed by Bishop Hugh before the close of the twelfth century,
and which, though of early character, are decidedly not
transitional, but developed Early Pointed.
2d. The western portals at St. Alban’s, built by William de Cella
between the years 1195 and 1205.[31]
These are among the most beautiful Early English works in the
kingdom, and have no Romanesque reminiscences, nor any French
characteristics, except the _crochet_ capital, which is
magnificently developed beneath round abaci.
3d. The eastern chapels at Winchester, built by Bishop de Lucy
about 1204. These have no striking feature, excepting that they are
pure “Early English,” and even show suggestions of tracery.
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