Lectures on the rise and development of medieval architecture; vol. 2Scott, George Gilbert, Sir
History
Lectures on the rise and development of medieval architecture; vol. 2
Scott, George Gilbert, Sir
Architecture, Gothic; Architecture, Medieval
The style, once transplanted into this region, widely separated though
it was from all its previous seats, seems to have seized powerfully upon
the public mind, and to have become, within a century, the nucleus of a
new form of architecture, of very great beauty and interest, uniting the
domical construction of the East with the Romanesque and the Early
Pointed architecture of the West.
The entire district, some 200 miles in extent, adopted the dome as its
acknowledged form of vaulting, nearly always supported it by the pointed
arch, and also employed it as the section of the cupola itself.
At Souillac we find a nave, apparently nearly as early as St. Front,
covered by a series of pointed domes supported by massive transverse
pointed arches, and terminated by a semi-domical apse, all carried out
with scarcely an attempt at architectural detail.
At the church of St. Stephen, at Perigueux, commonly called La Cité, we
have an imperfect early nave of simple character, with one of its domes
remaining, but to the east of it stands a later compartment, in which
the same construction is carried out with very fine architecture,
agreeing in character with our own Transitional style (Fig. 446).
[Illustration: Fig. 446.--La Cité, Perigueux.]
This brings us to the new development, for the _style_ now ceases to be
Byzantine. It is very noble Gothic, united with domical construction.
The sketches of this and St. Front serve to show the greatness of the
change,--the one a rude transcript of St. Mark’s without its
decorations,--the other a noble interior of the Transitional style, but
with a pendentive dome; and it will be seen that this addition in no
degree clashes with the style into which it is adopted.
At Angoulême we find this development carried out fully (Fig. 447). We
have a complete cruciform church, precisely in the style of the work
last named, the bays of the nave almost exactly like it, but the
crossing rising to a far greater height, with a sort of drum forming a
clerestory over the arches, and imperfect pendentives bearing the dome
aloft (Fig. 448).
[Illustration: Fig. 447.--Plan, Angoulême.]
[Illustration: Fig. 448.--Angoulême.]
I may mention that this dome is not circular in plan, but that the
middle of each side is flattened.
A very parallel arrangement exists in a church far more to the north,
on the banks of the Loire, and one in which we, as Englishmen, are
specially interested, as being the burial-place of our earlier
Plantagenets. I refer to the Abbey Church of Fontevrault (Fig. 449).
[Illustration: Fig. 449.--Plan, Fontevrault.]
This church has four domical bays to the nave almost identical with
those at Angoulême. The church is now a prison, and in some obscure
portion lie the beautiful effigies of King Henry II. of England and of
Eleanor of Guienne, his queen; of Richard Cœur de Lion; and of Isabel of
Angoulême, the queen of King John, and mother to the rebuilder of
Westminster Abbey.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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