Norman, refined, with or without pointed arches, i. 106; ornaments, 113; cathedral increased in height in the ratio of one-third, 243; as a style, 347, 353; ii. 62, 73, 74, 82; _pre_-Norman English churches, 19, 26, 35; period in Irish work, 22, 23; earlier, in England, 58; _pre_-conquestal, 3, 59, 72-89; _pre_-Norman sculpture, 60; originality of, 63; mode of building introduced by, _ibid._; early, 64, 105, 108; late, at St. Stephen’s at Caen, 67; first _Anglo_-Norman church, 71; castle at Lincoln, 72; cathedral at Lincoln, _ibid._; doorways, compared with Anglo-Saxon, 76; windows, 80, 81; base-courses, impost, and labels, 84; capitals, _ibid._; mouldings, 86; figure sculpture, _ibid._; surface ornaments, _ibid._; ideal nave or choir of a church, 87; ideal church, 90; perfect typical Norman church, 101; chosen for King Edward’s church at Westminster, 68; outline at Norwich, St. Alban’s, and Tewkesbury, 122; church at Worcester, 123; cathedral at Selsey, _ibid._; cathedral, Durham, 125; colonnettes solid with the piers, 146; vaulting, 79, 149, 153, 157-160; at Rochester, 116. Normans, architectural ambition of, ii. 26; new manner of building introduced by, 62, 63, 68, 136. Normandy, i. 33, 45; architecture of, 318; ii. 63; early works in, 64. Normandy, William of, ii. 26. Northampton, church of St. Peter, ii. 57. Northern Europe, nations of, ii. 4. Northmen, incursions of the, i. 40. Northwold, Bishop, i. 190. Norwich Castle, Keep of, ii. 135. Norwich Cathedral, ii. 116, 122, 123, 126; transept aisle, 90; central tower, 107, 118; plan, 118; apse, apsidal chapel, nave, etc., _ibid._; cloisters, 217. Nôtre Dame, Paris, i. 97, 321; foliage of nave, 100; capital “à crochet,” 102; western portals, 126, 144, 166, 321; west façade, 141. Noyon Cathedral, i. 62, 326; description of, 88; apsidal chapels, 89; portals to transepts, 91; columns, 102. Nuremberg, stone houses, i. 21; western façade of St. Sibald, 129; warehouses, 262. O Oak effigies, i. 299. Oakham Castle, capitals in hall, i. 114. Odo, Archbishop, ii. 27, 29. Odorico, Italian mosaic worker, i. 178. Offa, king of Mercia, i. 184; ii. 95; his church at St. Alban’s, 102. Omer, St., round abacus at, i. 155. Ongar, chapel at Greensted, near, ii. 56. Oratories, in early Irish remains, ii. 14, 16; at Hexham, 31; Brixworth, 40. Order, or rib, in arch-moulding, i. 248. Orders, development into, in early Irish remains, ii. 22; in Norman, 75-77; sub-orders, 78; divided, 101. Oriel windows, i. 265; ii. 213. Orme, Philibert de l’, treatise on vaulting, ii. 182. Ornamentation, of useful features, i. 147. Oswald, who completed King Edward’s church at York, ii. 29. Otho III., i. 43; ii. 261, 306. Othos, the first three, i. 41; ii. 74. Ourscamp, monastery at, i. 326.