Pharos, Roman, on the Castle-hill, Dover, ii. 43. Phidias, period of, ii. 4. Philibert de l’Orme, his treatise on vaulting, ii. 182. Philip Augustus, i. 140. Picts, devastations of the, ii. 13. Piers, ii. 76; subdivision of, i. 48; and arches, 225; decorated shafts substituted for, ii. 76; orders, 76, 78; clustered, 78, 146-148, 151; in vaulting, 79, 158; development of, 80, 143; of Roman brick, 97; pilaster capitals to, 140. Pietro, Italian mosaic-worker, i. 179. Pilasters, in Anglo-Saxon work, ii. 36-38, 42, 45, 51, 52, 58, 76; in Norman vaulting, 80, 156, 158; used asbuttresses in Norman, 82, 102, 103; capitals to, 140; jambs of arcades converted into, _ibid._; to doorways, 149. Pillars, forms determined by vaulting, i. 63; constructional and decorative, 146; varieties of, 149; moulded bands to, 150; bases, _ibid._; their development, ii. 143, 146. Pinnacles, i. 147, 237. Pisa Cathedral, i. 44. Pisan architecture, i. 84. Planning, freedom of, i. 266, 274. Plantagenet kings, our early, lie buried, and effigies of, at the abbey church of Fontevrault, ii. 261, 275. Plate-tracery, i. 161; ii. 152. Plinths, i. 151; square, octagonal, and round, 152. Poictiers, St. Jean at, ii. 12. Pointed arch, connection with Saracenic architecture, i. 13; advantages of, 19; early use of, in south of France, 54; in vaulting, 52, 71; theory as to the introduction of, 57, 65; ii. 108, 181; adoption magical, i. 68; systematic introduction into France,; at St. Denis, 79; at Noyon, 88; adopted from structural and mechanical necessity, 235; æsthetical reasons for the, 242. Pointed architecture, claims of, i. 4, 14, 17; love for, 3; said by some to be the property of the Roman Church, 8; Christian style, 9; originally Pagan, 9; essentially our own style, 14; intrinsic claims, 17; beauty of external outline, 26; in Germany, 33, 141; English revival, 36; Italian, 142; a more advanced stage of Romanesque, 50, 144, 145; English, 112, 341; leading characteristics of, 146; ii. 2, 5; doorways in, 77; transition of Norman into, 131; the culminating Christian architecture of our group of nations in the West, 308. Poole, Mr. Ayliffe, ii. 57. Porch, at Ely, i. 126, 139, 144, 167, 189; ii. 151; Anglo-Saxon, at Bradford, Wilts, 46; western, at Barton-upon-Humber, 53; gabled, at Monk Wearmouth, 49. Portals, French and English, i. 166. Practical study of Gothic architecture, i. 331, 344. Prague, precious stones used in building chapel at, i. 271. Pre-Norman English churches, ii. 19, 26, 35, 39, 44; sculpture, 60; buildings, 61. Près, St. Germain des, i. 62, 319; choir vaulting, 65, 92; western doorway, 87, 92; description of church, 91; capitals, 92; triforium and clerestory, 118. Pretenders in the study of Gothic architecture, who practise as architects, i. 350. Primitive art, i. 5. Procopius, ii. 244, 249.