The plan of the piers of the transept, which probably gives us also that of the rest of the church, is very perfect and typical (Fig. 256). [Illustration: Fig. 256. Winchester Cathedral.] Their figure may be generated by the process I have described in my last lecture. Take a block of wall about half as long again as its thickness; cut out from each of its angles the recess of an order; substitute half or three-quarter shafts for the part which supports each order; and the pier proper is complete. It still needs, however, supports for the vaulting of the aisle on the one side, and for the central roof on the other. The former is given by adding to that side a pilaster of equal size with the transverse rib of the vaulting, and substituting for its front portion a demi-shaft; the latter by a similar projection with the addition of two smaller shafts on its flanks. Nothing could be more perfect or more typical than this arrangement. The capitals are everywhere of the cushion type, in its simpler form; the arch-orders square, and without labels. The entire height of the wall being divided into three, the upper, or clerestory, may be said to occupy one-third; the remainder being divided between the great arcade and that of the gallery, or upper aisle, in the proportions of about four and three. The gallery, or triforium pier, is similar in plan to that below, but the arch is divided into two widths, in the sub-order, by a central shaft bearing two smaller arches. The clerestory, in its more typical bay, is divided into three widths by small shafts, the side spaces being low arches, and the central one being considerably elevated, and containing the window. Through this storey passes the passage in the thickness of the wall, which ought more properly to be called the triforium. The transept elevation is divided vertically into two compartments by a large pilaster buttress, both without and within, and is externally flanked by similar buttresses. In height it is divided into three storeys, ranging with those of the interior, already described, the aisles naturally containing two of these storeys; the upper of which has small windows in the sides, and large ones in the gables. The windows are (as a rule) shafted singly, without and within, with a deep splayed jamb internally filling the interval. Those of the upper storey of transepts fronts are arranged internally to correspond with the clerestory. The gable of the south transept is enriched with intersecting arcades. Unfortunately, the central tower, of the early period, fell shortly after its erection, rebelling, as it was thought, against the ungrateful task of overshadowing the body of the detested Rufus.