“I order and establish, forever, that what person, of what condition or estate soever he be, from whence soever he come, or for what offence or cause it be, either for his refuge in the said holy place, he be assured of his life, liberty and limbs. And over this, I forbid, under the pain of everlasting damnation, that no minister of mine, or of my successors, intermeddle with any the goods, lands, or possessions of the said persons taking the said sanctuary.... And whomsoever presumes or doth contrary to this my graunt I will he lose his name, worship, dignity and power and that with the great traitor Judas, that betrayed our Saviour, he be in everlasting fire of hell; and I will and ordain that this my graunt endure as long as there remaineth in England, either love or dread of Christian name.”[28] So essential was it then regarded to maintain, at all hazards, the _pax ecclesiae_, that the red handed murderer, even, when he once reached the sacred precincts of the church’s domain, was to be protected from the mere temporal powers of the earth, because he thus placed his faith in a higher law and the mundane officers of the law, for attempting to preserve the peace of the realm, if they transgressed upon the sacred soil consecrated to the Lord and used also for the protection of criminals, were classed along with traitors to the Lord and a dire curse proclaimed against them. It is well for the race that such delusions have passed away, along with the delusions of witchcraft and other fanaticisms of that age. The Whitefriars, or Alsatia, an establishment of the Carmelites, was founded by Sir Patrick Grey, in the year 1241, upon a plot of ground, granted by Edward I., on Fleet street, located between what is now Salisbury street and the Temple, and Fleet street and the river Thames.[29] According to the law, as it finally developed, if a man fled to any one of the many sanctuaries, _chartered by the Crown_, and claimed protection from the civil authorities for a crime he had committed, regardless of the enormity of his crime, he could remain there undisturbed, for life and was not obliged to make his _abjuration of the realm_, as he was required to do in case the asylum was not such a chartered institution. Many of these chartered asylums were established, and aside from those mentioned, there were sanctuaries so chartered at Wells, Norwich, York, Manchester, Derby, Lancaster and Northampton.[30] In the absence of a special charter, however, the crime of treason was not a sanctuary crime and traitors were not protected, even though they sought the portals of such consecrated places.[31]