This, by the gentleman who reported the bill in Congress for the organization of the judicial department of the general Government, demonstrates that those who formed our Government and framed our Constitution, realized not only that the judgment seat should be dominated by “the cold neutrality of an impartial judge,” but that this essential prerequisite to the administration of justice, could not be obtained by a cringing judiciary, depending upon a vacillating public sentiment, as an index to its opinions, but would be effectuated only through the untrammeled judgment of an independent court. Next to Oliver Ellsworth, the man most active in the establishment of our Federal Judiciary, was perhaps Alexander Hamilton, and upon the reasons for an absolutely independent judiciary, this great lawyer, soldier and patriotic statesman, observed: “This independence of the judges is equally requisite to guard the Constitution and the rights of individuals from the effects of those ill-humors which the arts of designing men or the influence of particular conjunctures sometimes disseminate among the people themselves and which, though they speedily give place to better information, and more deliberate reflection, have a tendency, in the meantime, to occasion dangerous innovations in the Government and serious oppressions of the minor party in the community.”[54] It was also clearly the object of the original thirteen colonies to remove the judiciary from politics and thereby establish the independence of the State Judiciary, as well as that of the Federal Government, for the Constitutions of each of the original colonies provided for an appointive judiciary.[55] Georgia alone set the bad example of providing for an elective judiciary, by direct vote of the people, for a short term, a practice that historians believe has caused much of the degradation and humiliation of the state courts, in the past century.[56] In most of the other states in the United States, the medium was selected, between the life tenure and the complete independence of the judiciary upon the one hand, and the recall and disgrace of the judge, without the formality of a trial, upon the other, and it was provided for the election of judges, for short terms of office, subject to impeachment by the legislative branch of Government, in cases of misfeasance in office.[57] In one state alone was the English method adopted of appointing the judges for life, or during good behavior, although four other states have the appointive judiciary, and it is not strange that in this one state we find the strongest state court in the United States and the one whose judgments are received by the various courts of the other states with the highest degree of respect.[58]