Hist. Dynastiarum, ed. Pocock; Oxon., 1663, p. 9. Footnote 250: Ibid., p. 10. Footnote 251: Eutychius, Patr. Alex., Annal., t. i. p. 44. Footnote 252: Bereschith Rabba, fol. 22, col. 4. Footnote 253: Eutych. Annal., ed. Selden, i. p. 35. Footnote 254: Suidas, Lexic. s. v. Σίβυλλα. XVII. THE SONS OF NOAH. Ham, the accursed, the third son of Noah, was the inventor or the preserver of magic. As we have already seen, he buried the books of magic which existed in the world, before the Deluge swept over the globe; and when it abated he exhumed them. Cerco d’Ascoli, in the fourth chapter of his “Commentary on the Sphere of Sacrabosco,” declares that he had seen a book of magic which had been composed by Ham, “which contained the elements and practice of necromancy.” Certain it is that apocryphal books of alchemy and conjuration of spirits existed in the Middle Ages, which purported to have been composed by Ham. Ham was turned black, according to the Talmud, because he did not maintain himself in perfect continence whilst in the ark;[255] other authorities say his skin became sooty in consequence of his scoffing at his father’s drunkenness; and Japheth, for having smiled, says the Mussulman lost the gift of prophecy from his family.[256] Berosus supposed that Ham was the same as Zoroaster. Japheth, according to Khondemir, was given by his father all the land to the east and north of Ararat; he was the progenitor of the Turks, the Sclaves, of Gog and Magog, says Tabari. Before he started with his family to people these countries, Noah gave him a stone, on which was written the great name of God. The Turks say that, by means of this stone, Noah was able to guide the course of the ark without sail or oars. The Turks have similar stones, which, they pretend, came by a process of generation from the parental stone given to Japheth.[257] He is said by the Mussulmans to have had eleven male children: Sin or Tchin, the father of the Chinese; Scklab, the ancestor of the Sclavonian races; Manschug or Magog, the parent of the Scythians and Kalmuks; Gomari, the father of the Franks; Turk and Khalos, the ancestors of the Turks; Khozaz, from whom the Khozarans trace their pedigree; Rus, father of the Russians; Souffan, Ghoy, and Tarag, from whom the Turcomans derive. Ilak, son of Turk, discovered the use of salt by having let fall a piece of meat he was eating on the ground covered with saline deposit.