Her citizens, imperial spirits, Rule the present from the past; On all this world of men inherits Their seal is set. SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS IN ENGLISH DEALING WITH SPANISH ROMANCE (The English translations of each romance have been carefully noted throughout the book, so that it is unnecessary to include them here.) History of Spanish Literature, by George Ticknor. Boston, 1872. Spanish Literature, by H. Butler Clarke. London, 1893. Spanish Literature, by J. Fitzmaurice Kelly. London, 1893. Chapters on Spanish Literature, by J. Fitzmaurice Kelly. London, 1912. The Spanish Pastoral Romances, by H. A. Rennert. Baltimore, 1892. History of Fiction, by A. Dunlop. Edinburgh, 1816. Don Quixote. Edition published by David Nutt, 1898. Skelton's early English version (1612-20), reprinted by Henley in "Tudor Translations," London, 1896. History of Spanish Literature, by Bouterwek. Bohn Library. See further the exhaustive bibliography of chivalric literature in vol. iv of Ormsby's Don Quixote (1885), and the bibliography of Mr Fitzmaurice Kelly's Spanish Literature. NOTES [1] The moro latinado, or Spanish-speaking Moor, is a prominent figure in later Spanish story. [2] Bishop Odoor's will (747) shows the break-up of Hispanic Latin, and Charles the Bald in an edict of 844 alludes to the usitato vocabulo of the Spaniards--their "customary speech." On the Gothic period see Père Jules Tailham, in the fourth volume of Cahier and Martin's Nouveaux Mélanges d'Archéologie, d'Histoire, et de Littérature sur le Moyen Age (1877). [3] This jargon owed much more to the lingua rustica than to Gothic, which has left its mark more deeply upon the pronunciation and syntax of Spanish than on its vocabulary. [4] Catalan differed slightly in a dialectic sense from Provençal. It was divided into plá Catalá and Lemosé, the common speech and the literary tongue. [5] "On the whole," says Professor Saintsbury, "the ease, accomplishment, and, within certain strict limits, variety of the form, are more remarkable than any intensity or volume of passion or of thought" (Flourishing of Romance and Rise of Allegory, pp. 368-369). He further remarks that the Provençal rule "is a rule of 'minor poetry,' accomplished, scholarly, agreeable, but rarely rising out of minority." [6] D. 1214. [7] It was entitled El Arte de Trobar, and is badly abridged in Mayan's Orígenes de la Lengua Española (Madrid, 1737). [8] On Provençal influence upon Castilian literature see Manuel Milá y Fontanal, Trovadores en España (Barcelona, 1887); and E. Baret, Espagne et Provence (1857), on a lesser scale. [9] Still they found many Spanish-speaking people in that area; and it was the Romance speech of these which finally prevailed in Spain. [10] Madrid, 1839. [11] In the Cancionero de Romances (Antwerp, 1555). [12] See the article on Alfonso XI in N. Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus. [13] English translation by James York. [14] Reigned 1407-54.