Caravans of the ancients, 26. Carbon, combinations of, 18. Carbonado, 45, 89, 104. Cardinal Borromeo, 233. Cardinal Mazarin, 242. Carpet taken at Ctesiphon, 24. Cascalho, 60. Cassia oil, refractive power of, 257. Castellani, collection of, 288, 289, 352. Catherine, Empress, 153, 155. Cedrenus, the historian, 128. Cellini’s value of emerald, 331. ruby, 427. Ceraunia, 363. Cerulean throne of the Nizam, 211. Ceylon mines, 26, 56, 64, 372. Chalice of Abbé Suger, 161. Charlemagne, jewels of, 226, 239. Charles I., gems of, 194. Charles VIII. of France, 177. Charles the Bold, 167, 242. bogus ruby, 426. Chladni, 71. Chosroes, palace of, 126. Chrysoberyl, 95. Chrysostom, the historian, 129, 241. Church regalia, 232-234. Churches of England, ornaments of, 208. Cingalese gem miners, 374-378. Clay as an original deposit, 384. Claudian’s description of treasures of Theodosius, 114. Claussen’s views on the diamond, 42, 43. Cleaveland’s views, 315. Colesberg Kopje mines, 52. Coliseum decorated with gems, 119. Collection of armor, 142. Collections of the Arabs, 116. Mamelukes, 117. Color of fossils, etc., 82. gems, 82, 99-104. Comnenus, Emperor, 137. Conglomerate strata, 60. Connecticut beryls, 314. Constantine, 128. Constantinople, conquest of, 113, 126, 127, 130. Constituents of perfumes, 19, 205. Coocha diamond, 205. Cortez, emeralds of, 294. Cortez’s presents to Charles V., 296. Corundum, 368, 378, 388. Cossacks, 132. Coster, the lapidary, 184, 223. Count de Douhet, 45. Crawford’s estimate of Borneo diamond, 218. Crown of Anna Ivanovna, frontispiece. Austria, 227. Chosroes, 22. Goths of Spain, 321. Kazan, 139. Khan of Tartary, 22. Lombardy, 321. Muscovites, 136. Portugal, 222. Russia, 143. Saxony, 226. St. Stephen, 232, 300. Victoria, 179. Vladimir, 137. Cumberland diamond, 232. Cuneiform crystals, 369, 370, 378. Cup of Chosroes, 23. Theolinda, 326. Cutting of the diamond, 238. Kohinoor, 247. Mogul, 247. Regent, 247. Star of the South, 247. Cystine calculi, change in color, 308, 309. D. Daubenton’s ideas of the gems, 371. Davy, Dr., 394. De Drèe’s Cabinet, 101. De Laet, 240. Delattre, report on the French gems, 158. Delisle, 172. Demidoff, Prince, 173. Despret’s experiments, 265. Development of insect life, 84. vegetation, 84. Devonshire gems, 288.