L Lake Como, 125 Lamps, 59 Lanfredini, Francesca, 2, 7 “Last Supper,” 30, 72, 74, 77, 92, 99, 138 League of Cambria, 124 Leghorn, 100 Leibig, 41 Leonardo da Vinci, and the Church, 18, 48, 104, 145 birth of, 2 death of, 157 early years of, 1-8 illness of, 142, 150 moves to Florence, 10 notebooks of, 25, 29, 140, 152, 159, 160 Levite, 118 _Light and Shade_, 54 Lighting, 59 Lilienthal, Otto, 100 Livoli river, 139 Loches, 92 Loire river, 147, 149, 152 Lombardy, 37, 62, 78, 82, 83, 121,148 Louis XII (of Orleans), 78, 82, 92, 94, 114, 116, 119, 124, 142, 157 Louvre, the, 44 Lucullus, 130 Lyons, 152 Lyre, silver, 34, 35 M Machiavelli, Niccolò, 96, 100, 102, 106, 109 Machine gun, 27 Machinery, improvement of, 16 Madonna Lisa, _see_ Mona Lisa Malaria, 139 Mandeville, Sir John, 103 Manenti, 88 Mantua, 84, 86, 87 Mapmaking, 19, 93, 95, 96, 100, 101 Martelli, Piero, 118 Martini, Francesco di Giorgio, 58 Martino river, 139 Mathurine, 156, 157 Maximilian I, 64 Medici, Giovanni de’, 130 Medici, Giuliano de’, 21, 130, 132, 138-146 Medici, Lorenzo de’, 16, 21, 26, 27, 29, 35, 39, 127, 130, 132, 146, 153 Medici, Piero de’, 10, 16 Medicis, the, 10, 21, 23, 26, 27, 33, 34, 68, 130, 131, 140, 142, 146 Melzi, Francesco de’, 117, 128, 130, 140, 142, 145, 150, 155, 157, 158 Michelangelo, 106, 107, 113, 131, 137, 144, 145 Middle Ages, 81, 104 Migliorotti, Atalante, 35-38, 87 Milan, 9, 33-48, 60, 64, 68, 78, 82, 83, 85, 95, 114-128, 143, 144 Milan cathedral, 50 Military, defenses, 88, 89 machines, 25-27, 33, 38-40 Millstones, 75 Mitre valve, 123 Mirrors, 133 “Mona Lisa,” 99, 103 Monferrato, 62 Monte Albano, 1, 2, 5 Monte Cecero, 113 Montorfano, 72 Muscles, 109, 119 Music, 34, 35 N Naples, 9, 27, 68, 69 Needle sharpener, 75 Netherlands, the, 95 Newton, Isaac, 24, 56, 123, 141, 160 Newton’s First Law of Motion, 123 Newton’s law of gravitation, 83 _Notes_, 14 Novara, battle of, 92 O Odometer, 69 Oggionno, Marco d’, 58 Orient, the, 89 Ornithopter, 111, 112