Letters to "The Times" upon War and Neutrality (1881-1920)Holland, Thomas Erskine
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Letters to "The Times" upon War and Neutrality (1881-1920)
Holland, Thomas Erskine
Neutrality; War (International law)
"(1) En aucun cas, un belligérant ne peut faire usage d'un
port Français, ou appartenant à un État protégé, dans un but
de guerre, &c. (2) La durée du séjour dans nos ports de
belligérants, non accompagnés d'une prise, n'a été limitée
par aucune disposition spéciale; mais pour être autorisés à y
séjourner, ils sont tenus de se conformer aux conditions
ordinaires de la neutralité, qui peuvent se résumer ainsi
qu'il suit:--(_a_) ... (_b_) Les dits navires ne peuvent, _à
l'aide de ressources puisées à terre_, augmenter leur
matériel de guerre, renforcer leurs équipages, ni faire des
enrôlements volontaires, même parmi leurs nationaux. (_c_)
Ils doivent s'abstenir de toute enquête sur les forces,
l'emplacement ou les ressources de leurs ennemis, ne pas
appareiller brusquement pour poursuivre ceux qui leur
seraient signalés; en un mot, s'abstenir de faire du lieu de
leur résidence la base d'une opération quelconque contre
l'ennemi. (3) Il ne peut être fourni à un belligérant que les
vivres, denrées, et moyens de réparations nécessaires à la
subsistence de son équipage ou à la sécurité de sa
navigation."
Under the twenty-four hours rule, the duty of the neutral Government is
clear. Under the French rules, all must evidently turn upon the wisdom
and _bonne volonté_ of the officials on the spot, and of the home
Government, so far as it is in touch with them. We have no reason to
suppose that the qualities in question will not characterise the conduct
of the French at the present moment. There can, however, be no doubt
that a better definition of the mode in which a neutral Power should
prevent abusive use of the asylum afforded by its ports and waters is
urgently required. The point is one which must prominently engage the
attention of the special conference upon the rights and duties of
neutrals, for which a wish was expressed by The Hague Conference of
1899, and, more recently, by President Roosevelt.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
T. E. HOLLAND.
Oxford, April 20 (1905).
THE APPAM
Sir,--It is satisfactory to learn that the United States Neutrality
Board has decided adversely to the contention that the _Appam_ is a
German ship of war. Her treatment as a prize would then, _prima facie_,
seem to be governed by Art. 21 of The Hague Convention, No. xiii., which
provides for her being released, together with her officers and crew,
while the prize crew is to be interned. This Convention has been duly
ratified both by Germany and by the United States. Its non-ratification
by Great Britain is, I conceive, irrelevant.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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