---------------+---------------+----------+------------+---------------- Phyla | Crustose |Squamulose| Foliose | Fruticose ---------------+---------------+----------+------------+---------------- | | | | Pyrenolichens | Verrucariaceae| Dermatocarpaceae | | | | | Coniocarpineae | Caliciaceae | Sphaerophoraceae |Sphaerophoraceae | | | | |{Arthoniaceae | | | Graphidineae |{Graphidaceae | | |Roccellaceae |{Dirinaceae | | | Cyclocarpineae | | | | | | | | |{ Lecideaceae Gyrophoraceae | |{ Coenogoniaceae | | Lecideales |{ (filamentous gonidia) | | |{ Cladoniaceae | | |{ (primary and secondary | | |{ thalli) | | | | | | Lecanorales | Lecanoraceae |Parmeliaceae|Usneaceae | | | | Polariloculares| | | | | | | | {Colourless | | | | { spores | Placodium |Xanthoria |Teloschistes {Brown spores |Rinodina, | |Physcia |Physcia | Pyxine | | | (Anaptychia) ---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+---------------- SCHEME OF SUGGESTED PROGRESSION IN LICHEN STRUCTURE PYRENOCARPINEAE PYRENOCARPEAE Pyrenothamniaceae Phyllopyreniaceae | | | | Dermatocarpaceae | | | | | Dermatocarpaceae | | | | | | | Verrucariaceae Pyrenulaceae (Protococcaceae) (_Trentepohlia_) CONIOCARPINEAE CONIOCARPEAE Sphaerophorus | Pilophorus | | +--------------+ Pleurocybe Acroscyphus | | | | Calycidium Tholurna +-----+----+ Cyphelium Tylophoron Tylophorella | +-----+-----+ Caliciaceae Pyrgillus (Protococcaceae) (_Trentepohlia_) CYCLOCARPINEAE PHYCOLICHENS (CYANOPHILI)