XIV. _PYRENIDIACEAE._ Thallus minutely squamulose or fruticose. SERIES 2. =GYMNOCARPEAE= Subseries 1. Coniocarpineae, with subperithecial fruits. Subseries 2. Graphidineae, with elongate, narrow fruits. Subseries 3. Cyclocarpineae, with round open fruits. SUBSERIES 1. =CONIOCARPINEAE= This is a well-defined group, peculiar in the disappearance of the asci at an early stage so that the spores lie like a powder in the globose partly closed fruits. Algal cells, bright-green; Protococcaceae. There are only three families: XV. _CALICIACEAE._ Thallus crustaceous, apothecia stalked. XVI. _CYPHELIACEAE._ Thallus crustaceous, apothecia sessile. XVII. _SPHAEROPHORACEAE._ Thallus foliose or fruticose, apothecia sessile. SUBSERIES 2. =GRAPHIDINEAE= This subseries comes next in the form of fruit development; generally the apothecia are elongate, with a narrow slit-like opening, so that a transverse section shows almost a perithecial outline. Algal cells are mostly _Trentepohlia_. XVIII. _ARTHONIACEAE._ Thallus crustaceous, apothecia oval or linear, flat. XIX. _GRAPHIDACEAE._ Thallus crustaceous, apothecia linear, raised. XX. _CHIODECTONACEAE._ Thallus crustaceous, apothecia generally immersed in a stroma. XXI. _DIRINACEAE._ Thallus crustaceous, corticate above, apothecia round. XXII. _ROCCELLACEAE._ Thallus fruticose, apothecia round or elongate. SUBSERIES 3. =CYCLOCARPINEAE= A large and very varied group! In most of the families the algal cells are bright-green (Chlorophyceae), in some they are blue-green (Cyanophyceae), these latter corresponding to Reinke’s order Cyanophili. The apothecia, as the name implies, are round and open; the “Cyanophili” have been placed by Zahlbruckner after those families in which the apothecium has no thalline margin. They form a phylum distinct from those that precede and those that follow. The first family of the Cyclocarpineae, the Lecanactidaceae, is often placed under Graphidineae; in any case it forms a link between the two subseries. 1. _Lecideine group_ (apothecia without a thalline margin). XXIII. _LECANACTIDACEAE._ Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells _Trentepohlia._ Apothecium with carbonaceous hypothecium or parathecium. XXIV. _PILOCARPACEAE._ Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells Protococcaceae. Apothecia with a dense rather dark hypothecium.