Life and literature in the Roman republicFrank, Tenney
History
Life and literature in the Roman republic
Frank, Tenney
Latin literature -- History and criticism; Rome -- Intellectual life
After the death of Gracchus there was a temporary lull in politics;
the victorious aristocracy, so nearly crushed, prudently decided to
compromise with the populace rather than to risk the awakening of another
Gracchus by exploiting their restored power. Young men who had heard
the brilliant reformer in their youth, men like Crassus, Antonius, and
Catulus, grew up to be distinguished orators. They inherited the results
of a great evolution of prose, they directly or indirectly received the
benefits of a deeper respect for elaborate style because of a new contact
with Greek teachers, and they were granted the leisure and tranquility to
consider the needs of a more artistic expression.
Licinius Crassus, in whose orations Cicero found the first mature Latin
prose,[24] began as a partisan of Gaius Gracchus and in his youth
doubtless imitated his hero’s fiery style. He also gave some attention to
the Greek rules though he held that rules did not create style but were
merely a collection of deductions drawn by analysts from the practices
of the eloquent.[25] He preferred observing Roman speakers to studying
the precepts of the Greeks,[26] and he thought Roman oratory sounder
than Greek because at Rome the pleaders were the foremost statesmen
whereas in Greece only hirelings practiced the art.[27] In these views
he was not far from representing orthodox opinions.[28] There were other
great men who gave even less credit to scholastic practice. Antonius his
rival—by many considered the more brilliant speaker of the two—claimed
that rhetoric was useless in that it only formulated the obvious;[29]
Scaevola pointed out that Roman statesmen who had brought Roman
government to the pinnacle of glory had nothing to learn in expression
from inexperienced Greek pedagogues;[30] and Cicero’s account of the
style of such great orators as Sulpicius, Caesar Strabo, and Cotta
reveals the fact that the oratory of these men was a home product.[31]
On the other hand there were men who tried to make up for the deficiency
in practical experience by drilling at doctrine, with the usual result
that their language became tangled in artifice. Men like Albucius[32] and
the first Curio remind us in type and experience of the courtly Tudor
wits who had little to do or say and ended in euphuism.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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