Life and literature in the Roman republicFrank, Tenney
History
Life and literature in the Roman republic
Frank, Tenney
Latin literature -- History and criticism; Rome -- Intellectual life
Cicero in fact employed few of the figures of speech, the names of which
he felt that convention required him to list, and his modulations are
so intricate and varied that, despite a score of dissertations on the
subject, no one has yet succeeded in analyzing them according to the
standard scheme which he transmitted from the accepted authorities. For
Cicero himself, living prose had a native movement and a wealth of sound
that lay beyond analysis. His rules were for dull minds that required
the aid of rules. His own ear required none. The teacher who compels his
students to count the specific clausulae of an oration of Cicero commits
an unpardonable crime against the holy spirit of a great art. The student
must, of course, learn to read that prose with an accurate pronunciation
of the sounds and quantities, but after that the rhythm will take care of
itself.
Cicero speaks[38] of his own oration _Pro Caecina_ as an example of
the “plain style,” employed in explicative demonstration, and the _Pro
Rabirio_ as an illustration of the grave and lofty style employed in
compelling persuasion, while he cites the _De Imperio Pompei_ as an
instance of the “middle style.” He who has read these three speeches
conscientiously feels the difference between them, yet he will not be
able to convey that feeling by means of the traditional statistics of the
stylistic doctorand. There are quite as many examples of the favorite
rhythms (clausulae) in the _Pro Caecina_ as in the _Pro Rabirio_, a fact
that shows that Cicero’s ear was remarkably sensitive to this effect and
guided his vocal expression even when he was not consciously striving for
it. Even in metaphors and in such devices as the rhetorical question, the
_Pro Caecina_ does not differ materially from the _Pro Rabirio_.[39] And
this again shows that this orator was by nature luminous and aggressive
as a successful speaker must be.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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