recovery continues. The day is approaching when we shall be able to give Livy his due for a good method, for honesty, and for fairness, as well as for a lucid style. FOOTNOTES [1] Inez Scott, _Early Roman Tradition in the Light of Archaeology_, Memoirs Am. Acad. in Rome, VII (1929). The archaeological evidence referred to in this chapter may be found in my _Roman Buildings of the Republic_ (Rome 1924), and in an essay on the “Early Temple of Castor,” Mem. Am. Acad. in Rome, V; a part of this chapter has already appeared in the _Am. Hist. Rev._ (1927). [2] E.g. Rosenberg, _Einleitung und Quellenkunde_, and J. T. Shotwell, _Introduction to the History of History_. [3] See art. “Licinius Macer,” by Münzer, _in_ _Realencycl._, XIII. [4] Cato’s first three books of _Origines_ similarly recorded the legends of other Italian cities without pretending to judge their historical value, but in his history of his own day he proved himself a very accurate observer. However, he seems to have treated only episodes that interested him. Piso, the last of the early annalists, introduced the unwise method of rationalizing the early myths in order to make them more plausible. [5] Some of the evidence may be found in my _Roman Buildings_, 53, 78, 83. [6] Cicero, like many a modern statesman, desired a favorable presentation of his deeds in history and biography. However, when it was not a question of his own deeds, his historical ideals were very high. In his _Brutus_ (292-4) he insists that history requires the same accuracy as testimony given in court under oath. In the _De Oratore_ (ii. 62-3) he says that the first requirement of the historian is to have courage to tell the whole truth and never to deceive. He consulted the archives even to get an accurate setting for his fictitious dialogues (_Ad. Att._ xiii. 33, 3; xiii. 3, 3; xii. 5, 3). Some modern critics have found heart to suspect Cicero’s historical ideals because he insisted that history should be well written! [7] _Op. cit._, 201. [8] Polybius VI, 56; XIII, 3; XVIII, 35; XXXII, 8-9. [9] Cf. Klotz, art. “Livius,” _in_ Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll, XIII, 816 for a critical bibliography. [10] Tacitus, _Ann._ 7, 34: _fidei praeclarus_. [11] Plut. _Cato minor_, 18. On Roman archives see art. “Archive,” _in_ Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll, II, 560. [12] Silenus, Sosylus, and Chaireas; Eumachus of Naples may also have been a contemporary. The explicit details of the battles in Campania may well owe something to him. [13] Livy, 38, 50. [14] De Sanctis, _Storia dei Romani_, III, 2, 338 pp. [15] See _Jour. Roman Studies_, 1919, 202. [16] Beloch, _Röm. Geschichte_, 89, 629. CHAPTER VII CICERO’S RESPONSE TO EXPERIENCE