The performance has been similarly described by several others with slight variations. Mr. Brewster (1894) refers to what I have called the _zeeip_ note as _paap_ and the soft guttural note as _p'tul_, and says that-- "Each _paap_ was closely preceded by a _p'tul_, so closely at times that the two sounds were nearly merged." He counted the _paaps_ as "uttered consecutively 31, 21, 37, 29, and 28 times." Describing the action in detail, he says: At each utterance of the _paap_ the neck was slightly lengthened, the head was thrown upward and backward (much in the manner of a least flycatcher's while singing), the bill was opened wide and raised to a horizontal position, the wings were jerked out from the body. All these movements were abrupt and convulsive, indicating considerable muscular effort on the part of the bird. There was perhaps also a slight twitching of the tail, but this member was not perceptibly raised or expanded. The return of the several parts to their respective normal positions was quite as sudden as were the initial movements. The forward recovery of the head was well marked. The opening and shutting of the bill strongly suggested that of a pair of tongs. During the emission of the _paap_ the throat swelled and its plumage was ruffled, but neither effect was more marked than with any of our small birds while in the act of singing. The mouth opened to such an extent that I could look directly down the bird's throat, which appeared large enough to admit the end of one's forefinger. The lateral distension of the mouth was especially striking. Referring to the song flight, he says: "Two flights, which I timed from the start to the finish, lasted, respectively, 57 and 59 seconds, the song 11 and 12 seconds, respectively." During the flight he followed him with a glass and "made out distinctly that while singing he alternately flapped his wings (several times in succession) and held them extended and motionless." Francis H. Allen has sent me the following notes on his impression of the song: